Nursing Elites

1. A patient with a history of gout should avoid which type of food?

• A. Red meat
• B. Chicken
• C. Fish
• D. Dairy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Red meat. Red meat is high in purines, which can exacerbate gout attacks. Gout is a form of arthritis that occurs when high levels of uric acid in the blood lead to the formation of urate crystals in the joints. Purine-rich foods can increase uric acid levels, leading to gout symptoms. Chicken and fish are lower in purines compared to red meat, making them better choices for individuals with gout. Dairy products are generally considered safe for gout patients and may even have a protective effect against gout.

2. What is the term for the infection of small sacs that protrude from the lumen of the colon?

• A. Diverticulosis
• B. Diverticulitis
• C. Cholelithiasis
• D. Cholecystitis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diverticulitis. Diverticulitis specifically refers to the infection or inflammation of diverticula in the colon. Choice A, Diverticulosis, is incorrect as it refers to the condition of having diverticula without inflammation or infection. Choices C and D, Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis, are unrelated conditions affecting the gallbladder, not the colon.

3. The client is admitted to the emergency department complaining of acute epigastric pain and reports vomiting a large amount of bright red blood at home. Which interventions should the nurse implement?

• A. Assess the client’s vital signs
• B. Start an IV with an 18-gauge needle
• C. Begin iced saline lavage
• D. A, B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct interventions for a client presenting with acute epigastric pain and vomiting bright red blood are to assess the client’s vital signs and start an IV with an 18-gauge needle. Assessing vital signs helps in determining the client's current condition and response to treatment, while starting an IV is crucial for administering medications and fluids. Beginning iced saline lavage is not appropriate in this situation as the priority is to stabilize the client and address potential bleeding. Therefore, options A and B are correct choices, making option D the most appropriate answer.

4. The client has failed to conceive after many attempts over a three-year time period and asks the nurse, “I have tried everything. What should I do now?” Which statement is the nurse’s best response?

• A. Assess the intravenous fluids for rate and volume
• B. Change the surgical dressing every day at the same time
• C. Monitor the client’s medication levels daily
• D. Monitor the percentage of each meal eaten

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct response is to assess the intravenous fluids for rate and volume. In this situation, the client is seeking guidance on fertility issues, not related to intravenous fluids, surgical dressing changes, medication levels, or meal monitoring. The nurse should provide supportive and empathetic guidance, suggesting further options like consulting fertility specialists or exploring additional treatments.

5. The nurse is caring for a client whose religious background is Seventh Day Adventist (Church of GOD). Which nursing action(s) are most appropriate in terms of providing for the dietary needs of this client? Select all that apply.

• A. Providing snacks between meals
• B. Removing coffee from the breakfast tray
• C. Ensuring that there is no pork on the dinner tray
• D. A, B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Seventh Day Adventists typically avoid caffeine and pork, so providing snacks between meals and removing coffee from the breakfast tray are appropriate actions to meet the dietary needs of this client. Providing snacks helps ensure the client has options that align with their dietary restrictions, while removing coffee respects their avoidance of caffeine. Ensuring that there is no pork on the dinner tray is also crucial as pork is typically avoided in their diet, making choice C correct. Therefore, choices A and B are correct, making D the most appropriate selection.

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