Nursing Elites

1. A client at risk for mild hypernatremia is being taught by a nurse. Which statement should the nurse include in this client's teaching?

• A. Weigh yourself every morning and every night
• B. Check your radial pulse twice a day
• C. Read food labels to determine sodium content
• D. Bake or grill the meat rather than frying it

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Read food labels to determine sodium content.' This is important for a client at risk for mild hypernatremia because monitoring sodium intake is crucial in managing this condition. Choice A is not directly related to managing hypernatremia. Choice B focuses on pulse monitoring, which is not specific to managing sodium levels. Choice D addresses cooking methods, which can be beneficial but is not as directly related to sodium intake monitoring as reading food labels.

2. . One day after a patient is admitted to the medical unit, you note that the patient is oliguric. You notify the acutecare nurse practitioner who orders a fluid challenge of 200 mL of normal saline solution over 15 minutes. This intervention will achieve which of the following?

• A. Help distinguish hyponatremia from hypernatremia
• B. Help evaluate pituitary gland function
• C. Help distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function
• D. Help provide an effective treatment for hypertension-induced oliguria

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

3. You are caring for a patient with a secondary diagnosis of hypermagnesemia. What assessment finding would be most consistent with this diagnosis?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Kussmaul respirations
• C. Increased DTRs
• D. Shallow respirations

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

4. The nurse in the intensive care unit receives arterial blood gases (ABG) with a patient who is complaining of being 'short of breath.' The ABG has the following values: pH = 7.21, PaCO2 = 64 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mmol/L. The labs reflect:

• A. Respiratory acidosis
• B. Metabolic alkalosis
• C. Respiratory alkalosis
• D. Metabolic acidosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The ABG values indicate respiratory acidosis. A pH below 7.40, a PaCO2 above 40 mm Hg, and a normal HCO3 level (24 mmol/L) suggest respiratory acidosis. In this case, the patient has an acidic pH (7.21) and an elevated PaCO2 (64 mm Hg), indicating inadequate ventilation. The normal HCO3 level suggests that compensation by the kidneys has not occurred, implying an acute event. Choices B, C, and D can be ruled out based on the given ABG values and the criteria for acid-base disorders.

5. A nurse is caring for a client with a peripheral vascular access device who is experiencing pain, redness, and swelling at the site. After removing the device, which action should the nurse take to relieve pain?

• A. Administer topical lidocaine to the site.
• B. Place warm compresses on the site.
• C. . Administer prescribed oral pain medication.
• D. Massage the site with scented oils.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

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