Nursing Elites

1. Four 5 V batteries are connected in series. What is the total voltage of the circuit?

• A. 5.0 V
• B. 10.0 V
• C. 15.0 V
• D. 20.0 V

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When batteries are connected in series, their voltages add up. Therefore, the total voltage of the circuit with four 5 V batteries connected in series will be 5 V + 5 V + 5 V + 5 V = 20 V. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the voltages of the batteries add up in series, resulting in a total of 20 V.

2. A pitcher throws a 45-g baseball at a velocity of 42 meters per second. What is the ball’s momentum?

• A. 0.189 kg⋅m/s
• B. 1.89 kg⋅m/s
• C. 1.07 kg⋅m/s
• D. 0.93 kg⋅m/s

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Momentum is calculated by multiplying mass (in kg) by velocity (in m/s). The mass of the baseball is 0.045 kg (45 grams converted to kg), and the velocity is 42 m/s. Momentum = 0.045 kg × 42 m/s = 1.89 kg⋅m/s. Therefore, the correct answer is 1.89 kg⋅m/s. Choice A is incorrect as it incorrectly converts the mass from grams to kg. Choice C and D are incorrect due to calculation errors.

3. Which mathematical quantity is scalar?

• A. Distance
• B. Velocity
• C. Acceleration
• D. Displacement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Distance is a scalar quantity because it has only magnitude and no direction. It is simply the total length of the path travelled by an object. Scalars are quantities that are fully described by their magnitude alone, without any reference to direction. Velocity and acceleration are vector quantities as they have both magnitude and direction. Displacement is also a vector quantity as it is the change in position of an object and includes both magnitude and direction.

4. The Prandtl number (Pr) is a dimensionless property relating:

• A. Viscosity and thermal diffusivity
• B. Density and pressure
• C. Surface tension and pressure
• D. Reynolds number and flow regime

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Prandtl number (Pr) is a dimensionless number used to characterize fluid flow. It is the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity. In simpler terms, it relates the ability of a fluid to conduct heat to its ability to conduct momentum. Therefore, the correct relationship is between viscosity and thermal diffusivity, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the properties that the Prandtl number relates.

5. Viscosity, μ, is a transport property of a fluid that reflects its:

• A. Inertia
• B. Resistance to flow
• C. Compressibility
• D. Buoyancy generation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Viscosity refers to a fluid's resistance to flow. A fluid with high viscosity (like honey) flows slowly, while a fluid with low viscosity (like water) flows more easily. It is a measure of internal friction in the fluid. Choice A, 'Inertia,' is incorrect as inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. Choice C, 'Compressibility,' is incorrect as it refers to the ability of a fluid to be compressed. Choice D, 'Buoyancy generation,' is incorrect as it relates to the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.

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