HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the primary function of the small intestine in digestion?
- A. Breaking down fats
- B. Absorbing nutrients
- C. Secreting digestive enzymes
- D. Storing bile
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorbing nutrients. The small intestine plays a crucial role in digestion by absorbing nutrients. It is where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs, allowing digested food to pass into the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells. Choice A (Breaking down fats) is incorrect because the breakdown of fats primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas. Choice C (Secreting digestive enzymes) is incorrect because while the small intestine does produce some digestive enzymes, its primary role is absorption. Choice D (Storing bile) is incorrect as the storage of bile occurs in the gallbladder, not the small intestine.
2. What is the main function of the endocrine system?
- A. To fight infections
- B. To regulate body functions through hormones
- C. To produce red blood cells
- D. To transport oxygen
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The main function of the endocrine system is to regulate various body functions by releasing hormones, which act as chemical messengers. These hormones help maintain homeostasis, regulate metabolism, growth, development, and other essential functions in the body. Option A is incorrect as fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system, not the endocrine system. Option C is incorrect as the production of red blood cells mainly occurs in the bone marrow. Option D is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is primarily carried out by the respiratory and circulatory systems. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it accurately describes the primary role of the endocrine system.
3. What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?
- A. To produce bile
- B. To store and concentrate bile
- C. To break down fats
- D. To secrete digestive enzymes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The gallbladder's primary function in digestion is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. While the gallbladder does not produce bile (Choice A) or secrete digestive enzymes (Choice D), it plays a crucial role in storing and releasing bile when needed. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
4. Which vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, aiding in the maintenance of strong bones and teeth. It helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, supporting bone health and preventing conditions like osteoporosis. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, not specifically for calcium absorption. Vitamin C (Choice B) is crucial for collagen synthesis and immune function but is not directly involved in calcium absorption. Vitamin K (Choice D) plays a role in blood clotting and bone health, but it is not primarily responsible for calcium absorption.
5. What is the main function of the skeletal system?
- A. To produce red blood cells
- B. To protect internal organs and provide support
- C. To regulate body temperature
- D. To store calcium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The main function of the skeletal system is to provide structural support, protect internal organs, enable movement, and maintain the body's form. Choice A, 'To produce red blood cells,' is incorrect as the skeletal system's role in blood cell production is through the bone marrow, not its main function. Choice C, 'To regulate body temperature,' is incorrect as the skeletal system is not primarily responsible for regulating body temperature. Choice D, 'To store calcium,' is partially correct as the skeletal system does store calcium but this is not its main function; instead, it is essential for bone strength and muscle function.
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