HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina?
- A. Cornea
- B. Lens
- C. Retina
- D. Pupil
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. It plays a crucial role in bending light rays to ensure that they converge on the retina, enabling clear vision. The cornea helps in focusing light, but the final adjustment and fine-tuning occur through the lens. The retina receives the focused light and converts it into neural signals for the brain to interpret. The pupil, on the other hand, controls the amount of light entering the eye by dilating or constricting.
2. What is the primary function of the small intestine in digestion?
- A. Breaking down fats
- B. Absorbing nutrients
- C. Secreting digestive enzymes
- D. Storing bile
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorbing nutrients. The small intestine plays a crucial role in digestion by absorbing nutrients. It is where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs, allowing digested food to pass into the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells. Choice A (Breaking down fats) is incorrect because the breakdown of fats primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas. Choice C (Secreting digestive enzymes) is incorrect because while the small intestine does produce some digestive enzymes, its primary role is absorption. Choice D (Storing bile) is incorrect as the storage of bile occurs in the gallbladder, not the small intestine.
3. Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer. It is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, facilitating the maintenance of strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D helps regulate calcium levels in the blood and promotes bone mineralization, making it crucial for overall bone health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Vitamin C is not directly involved in calcium absorption, Vitamin A is more related to vision and immune function, and Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting and bone mineralization but is not primarily responsible for calcium absorption.
4. Which organ is involved in the immune system?
- A. Heart
- B. Bronchi
- C. Appendix
- D. Esophagus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the Appendix. The appendix is now known to play a role in the immune system by housing beneficial bacteria that aid in maintaining gut health and supporting immune responses. This organ contributes to overall immune function. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the heart, bronchi, and esophagus are not primarily associated with the immune system.
5. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
- A. To transport nutrients
- B. To regulate body temperature
- C. To absorb oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
- D. To produce energy
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The main function of the respiratory system is to absorb oxygen from the air into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the body. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration, the process through which cells generate energy. Carbon dioxide is a waste product expelled during this process. Choice A, 'To transport nutrients,' is incorrect as the respiratory system is not primarily responsible for transporting nutrients. Choice B, 'To regulate body temperature,' is incorrect as the respiratory system's main role is not temperature regulation. Choice D, 'To produce energy,' is incorrect because while oxygen obtained through respiration is used in the energy production process, the respiratory system itself does not directly produce energy.
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