HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
- A. To produce hormones
- B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
- C. To fight infections
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The circulatory system's primary function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells and remove waste products. Choice A is incorrect because hormone production is primarily carried out by endocrine glands. Choice C is incorrect as fighting infections is a role of the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by the integumentary and nervous systems.
2. What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
- A. To secrete digestive enzymes
- B. To store bile
- C. To absorb nutrients
- D. To transport glucose
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine, facilitating the process of digestion. Choice B is incorrect because the pancreas does not store bile; that is primarily the function of the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the absorption of nutrients mainly occurs in the small intestine, not the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as the transport of glucose is primarily regulated by insulin produced in the pancreas, but this is not the main role of the pancreas in digestion.
3. What is the primary function of the skin?
- A. To regulate body temperature
- B. To protect the body from external damage
- C. To produce vitamin D
- D. To produce red blood cells
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the skin is to protect the body from external damage. While the skin also helps regulate body temperature and produces vitamin D in response to sunlight, its main role is to act as a barrier against harmful external factors, such as pathogens and physical injuries. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because although the skin does play a role in regulating body temperature and producing vitamin D, its primary function is providing protection against external threats.
4. Which gland produces the hormone melatonin?
- A. Pineal gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Pineal gland. The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin secretion is influenced by light exposure. Higher levels are observed at night to promote sleep, while lower levels during the day encourage wakefulness. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not associated with the production of melatonin. The thyroid gland produces hormones like thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the pituitary gland controls various other glands, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like adrenaline and cortisol.
5. What is the primary role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
- A. Carrying oxygen
- B. Carrying nutrients
- C. Carrying carbon dioxide
- D. Carrying waste products
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carrying oxygen. Hemoglobin's primary function in red blood cells is to bind with oxygen in the lungs and transport it to the body's tissues and cells. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the overall oxygenation of the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not nutrients, carbon dioxide, or waste products.
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