HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the primary function of the nervous system?
- A. To transmit signals and coordinate body activities
- B. To fight infections
- C. To produce hormones
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The primary function of the nervous system is to transmit signals and coordinate body activities. It controls and regulates body functions by sending and receiving signals between different parts of the body, enabling responses to internal and external stimuli. This intricate network allows for communication between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, ultimately facilitating movement, sensation, thoughts, and various bodily functions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary function of the nervous system. Fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system, producing hormones is the function of the endocrine system, and regulating body temperature involves mechanisms of thermoregulation within the body, not directly controlled by the nervous system.
2. Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer. It is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, facilitating the maintenance of strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D helps regulate calcium levels in the blood and promotes bone mineralization, making it crucial for overall bone health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Vitamin C is not directly involved in calcium absorption, Vitamin A is more related to vision and immune function, and Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting and bone mineralization but is not primarily responsible for calcium absorption.
3. What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
- A. To secrete digestive enzymes
- B. To store bile
- C. To absorb nutrients
- D. To transport glucose
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine, facilitating the process of digestion. Choice B is incorrect because the pancreas does not store bile; that is primarily the function of the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the absorption of nutrients mainly occurs in the small intestine, not the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as the transport of glucose is primarily regulated by insulin produced in the pancreas, but this is not the main role of the pancreas in digestion.
4. What is the function of the small intestine?
- A. To store bile
- B. To absorb nutrients
- C. To digest food
- D. To produce enzymes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. Therefore, the correct function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the gallbladder stores bile, not the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect because the digestion process primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in enzyme production, its primary function is nutrient absorption.
5. What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
- A. To filter waste from the blood
- B. To produce urine
- C. To regulate blood pressure
- D. To absorb nutrients
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system is to filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, forming urine, which is then excreted from the body. Kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall balance by filtering out waste, regulating fluid levels, and helping in the elimination of toxins. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while the kidneys do produce urine, regulate blood pressure, and help in nutrient absorption indirectly, their primary function is the filtration of waste from the blood.
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