HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
- A. To produce hormones
- B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
- C. To fight infections
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The circulatory system's primary function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells and remove waste products. Choice A is incorrect because hormone production is primarily carried out by endocrine glands. Choice C is incorrect as fighting infections is a role of the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by the integumentary and nervous systems.
2. Which organ in the digestive system absorbs nutrients?
- A. Stomach
- B. Small intestine
- C. Large intestine
- D. Esophagus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in absorbing digested food into the bloodstream, where the nutrients are then circulated to the body's cells for energy and other functions. The stomach primarily breaks down food through the action of acids and enzymes, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts, not nutrients. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and does not participate in nutrient absorption.
3. What is the primary role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
- A. Carrying oxygen
- B. Carrying nutrients
- C. Carrying carbon dioxide
- D. Carrying waste products
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carrying oxygen. Hemoglobin's primary function in red blood cells is to bind with oxygen in the lungs and transport it to the body's tissues and cells. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the overall oxygenation of the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not nutrients, carbon dioxide, or waste products.
4. Which of the following is not a component of the central nervous system?
- A. Brain
- B. Heart
- C. Retina
- D. Spinal cord
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and transmitting information. The retina, though part of the eye, is an extension of the central nervous system. However, the heart is part of the circulatory system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Therefore, the correct answer is the heart as it is not a component of the central nervous system.
5. What is the main function of the skeletal system?
- A. To produce red blood cells
- B. To protect internal organs and provide support
- C. To regulate body temperature
- D. To store calcium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The main function of the skeletal system is to provide structural support, protect internal organs, enable movement, and maintain the body's form. Choice A, 'To produce red blood cells,' is incorrect as the skeletal system's role in blood cell production is through the bone marrow, not its main function. Choice C, 'To regulate body temperature,' is incorrect as the skeletal system is not primarily responsible for regulating body temperature. Choice D, 'To store calcium,' is partially correct as the skeletal system does store calcium but this is not its main function; instead, it is essential for bone strength and muscle function.
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