HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the function of the adrenal glands?
- A. To regulate blood sugar
- B. To produce hormones
- C. To produce red blood cells
- D. To filter blood
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The adrenal glands function to produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones play essential roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and the body's response to stress. Therefore, the correct answer is that the adrenal glands produce hormones. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as regulating blood sugar is primarily done by the pancreas, producing red blood cells is the function of the bone marrow, and filtering blood is carried out by the kidneys, not the adrenal glands.
2. Which organ in the digestive system absorbs nutrients?
- A. Stomach
- B. Small intestine
- C. Large intestine
- D. Esophagus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in absorbing digested food into the bloodstream, where the nutrients are then circulated to the body's cells for energy and other functions. The stomach primarily breaks down food through the action of acids and enzymes, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts, not nutrients. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and does not participate in nutrient absorption.
3. Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer. It is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, facilitating the maintenance of strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D helps regulate calcium levels in the blood and promotes bone mineralization, making it crucial for overall bone health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Vitamin C is not directly involved in calcium absorption, Vitamin A is more related to vision and immune function, and Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting and bone mineralization but is not primarily responsible for calcium absorption.
4. Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract?
- A. Larynx
- B. Pharynx
- C. Esophagus
- D. Trachea
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The pharynx is indeed a structure located in the upper respiratory tract. It acts as a common passageway for both air heading to the lungs and food traveling to the esophagus, making it a vital structure for breathing and swallowing functions. The larynx, trachea, and esophagus are also part of the respiratory and digestive systems but are not specifically located in the upper respiratory tract. The larynx is situated below the pharynx, while the trachea is found below the larynx, and the esophagus is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory tract.
5. What is the primary role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
- A. Carrying oxygen
- B. Carrying nutrients
- C. Carrying carbon dioxide
- D. Carrying waste products
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carrying oxygen. Hemoglobin's primary function in red blood cells is to bind with oxygen in the lungs and transport it to the body's tissues and cells. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the overall oxygenation of the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not nutrients, carbon dioxide, or waste products.
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