HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the function of the adrenal glands?
- A. To regulate blood sugar
- B. To produce hormones
- C. To produce red blood cells
- D. To filter blood
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The adrenal glands function to produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones play essential roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and the body's response to stress. Therefore, the correct answer is that the adrenal glands produce hormones. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as regulating blood sugar is primarily done by the pancreas, producing red blood cells is the function of the bone marrow, and filtering blood is carried out by the kidneys, not the adrenal glands.
2. What is the primary function of the digestive system?
- A. To transport oxygen
- B. To break down food and absorb nutrients
- C. To produce hormones
- D. To transport blood
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the digestive system is to break down food into smaller molecules and absorb nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These nutrients are then utilized by the body for energy, growth, and repair. The digestive system plays a crucial role in the process of extracting essential components from food and distributing them to the body's cells through the bloodstream. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because transporting oxygen, producing hormones, and transporting blood are functions associated with other body systems like the respiratory system, endocrine system, and circulatory system, respectively, not the digestive system.
3. Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract?
- A. Larynx
- B. Pharynx
- C. Esophagus
- D. Trachea
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The pharynx is indeed a structure located in the upper respiratory tract. It acts as a common passageway for both air heading to the lungs and food traveling to the esophagus, making it a vital structure for breathing and swallowing functions. The larynx, trachea, and esophagus are also part of the respiratory and digestive systems but are not specifically located in the upper respiratory tract. The larynx is situated below the pharynx, while the trachea is found below the larynx, and the esophagus is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory tract.
4. What is the primary function of the nervous system?
- A. To transmit signals and coordinate body activities
- B. To fight infections
- C. To produce hormones
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The primary function of the nervous system is to transmit signals and coordinate body activities. It controls and regulates body functions by sending and receiving signals between different parts of the body, enabling responses to internal and external stimuli. This intricate network allows for communication between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, ultimately facilitating movement, sensation, thoughts, and various bodily functions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary function of the nervous system. Fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system, producing hormones is the function of the endocrine system, and regulating body temperature involves mechanisms of thermoregulation within the body, not directly controlled by the nervous system.
5. What is the function of platelets in the blood?
- A. Transporting oxygen
- B. Clotting blood
- C. Fighting infection
- D. Transporting nutrients
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are responsible for clotting blood. When there is an injury, platelets help form blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding. This function is crucial in maintaining hemostasis and preventing hemorrhage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Platelets do not transport oxygen, fight infection, or transport nutrients in the blood.
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