HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology 2024
1. What is the function of decomposition in the carbon cycle?
- A. To produce light energy
- B. To convert carbon to fuel
- C. To release carbon dioxide
- D. To store food for consumers
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To release carbon dioxide.' Decomposition in the carbon cycle involves breaking down dead organic matter into simpler substances. During this process, carbon is released in the form of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. This release of carbon dioxide is essential for recycling carbon and making it available for use by living organisms. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because decomposition does not produce light energy, convert carbon to fuel, or store food for consumers; its primary role is to recycle carbon through the release of carbon dioxide.
2. ___________ is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected.
- A. Mutualism
- B. Parasitism
- C. Commensalism
- D. Competition
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Commensalism.' In commensalism, one organism benefits from the relationship while the other is neither helped nor harmed. This type of symbiotic relationship is characterized by one organism deriving a benefit, such as food or shelter, without impacting the other organism in any significant way. Choice A, 'Mutualism,' is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. Choice B, 'Parasitism,' is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other. Choice D, 'Competition,' refers to a relationship in which organisms compete for limited resources, with both being affected in terms of access to resources.
3. Which light color would be most effective for growing green plants indoors?
- A. Blue
- B. Yellow
- C. Green
- D. Orange
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Blue light is the most effective color for growing green plants indoors. Blue light has a higher energy level compared to other colors, which is crucial for promoting vegetative growth, strong stems, and lush foliage in plants. Additionally, blue light helps regulate plant growth hormones, making it essential for the overall health and development of green plants. Yellow, green, and orange light do not provide the necessary energy levels or spectrum needed for optimal plant growth, making them less effective choices for growing green plants indoors.
4. What process do cells in the tip of a plant’s root undergo to increase in number?
- A. Meiosis
- B. Cytokinesis
- C. Fractioning
- D. Mitosis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Cells in the tip of a plant's root undergo the process of mitosis to increase in number. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process allows for growth and maintenance of tissues in plants by producing new cells through division. Choice A, Meiosis, is incorrect as meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in cells to produce gametes. Choice B, Cytokinesis, is incorrect as it is the division of the cytoplasm following cell division. Choice C, Fractioning, is not a biological process related to cell division.
5. Which organelle is the site of energy production?
- A. Mitochondrion
- B. Vacuole
- C. Cell membrane
- D. Ribosome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitochondrion. The mitochondrion is the site of energy production in a cell. It is often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because it is where cellular respiration occurs, generating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through processes like the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The other organelles listed play different roles in the cell - vacuoles store materials, the cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.
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