HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology 2024
1. If bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, they will shrink as water moves out of the bacteria. What is this process called?
- A. Dehydration synthesis
- B. Hydrolysis
- C. Osmosis
- D. Isotonic transport
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In this case, when bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, the high concentration of solutes outside the bacteria causes water to move out of the bacteria, leading to shrinkage. This process is known as osmosis. Dehydration synthesis (Choice A) is a process where molecules combine by removing water. Hydrolysis (Choice B) is the breakdown of molecules by the addition of water. Isotonic transport (Choice D) does not accurately describe the specific movement of water in or out of bacterial cells in a hypertonic solution.
2. Which of the following animals would have the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption?
- A. Cow
- B. Caterpillar
- C. Coyote
- D. Cricket
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Cows are ruminant animals that have multiple stomachs and require large amounts of food to digest and convert into energy. They have lower energy efficiency compared to insects like caterpillars, coyotes, and crickets, which have more efficient nutrient consumption processes. The digestive system and metabolic functions of cows result in them having the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption among the given choices. Caterpillars, coyotes, and crickets have more efficient nutrient consumption processes, making them more energy-efficient than cows.
3. Which is not a product of the Krebs cycle?
- A. ATP
- B. Carbon dioxide
- C. Glucose
- D. NADH
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Glucose is not a direct product of the Krebs cycle. Glucose is a starting molecule that undergoes glycolysis outside the mitochondria to produce pyruvate, which then enters the mitochondrial matrix to participate in the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle primarily generates ATP, carbon dioxide, and NADH as products. Choices A, B, and D are all products of the Krebs cycle, making them incorrect answers.
4. Two organisms live in a relationship from which both benefit. What is this called?
- A. Mutualism
- B. Parasitism
- C. Commensalism
- D. Competition
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both parties benefit from the association. It is a mutually beneficial interaction where both organisms gain something valuable, such as food, protection, or some other resource. This contrasts with parasitism, where one organism benefits at the expense of the other, commensalism, where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected, and competition, where both organisms are negatively affected by their interaction.
5. Dogs are part of a larger animal group, the Carnivora. What classification is this?
- A. Kingdom
- B. Class
- C. Order
- D. Genus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The classification 'Carnivora' refers to an order in the taxonomic hierarchy. In the Linnaean classification system, the order comes below the class but above the family level. Therefore, Carnivora is a higher classification that includes dog species as well as other carnivorous mammals like cats, bears, and weasels. Option A (Kingdom) is too broad and refers to the highest taxonomic rank. Option B (Class) is a lower taxonomic rank than order. Option D (Genus) is a much more specific rank that comes below the family level in the Linnaean hierarchy.
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