HESI A2
Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test
1. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position?
- A. Frontal lobe
- B. Parietal lobe
- C. Occipital lobe
- D. Temporal lobe
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The parietal lobe is primarily responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, and body position. It plays a crucial role in interpreting sensations from different parts of the body, including proprioception, which is the awareness of body position. The frontal lobe is more associated with functions like decision-making and personality, the occipital lobe is primarily involved in visual processing, and the temporal lobe is responsible for auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the correct answer for this question.
2. What is the function of the skin in protecting the body?
- A. To produce vitamin D
- B. To protect against pathogens
- C. To store nutrients
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The skin serves several crucial functions in protecting the body. One of its primary roles is to act as a physical barrier against pathogens, preventing harmful microorganisms from entering the body. Choice A, 'To produce vitamin D,' is incorrect because while the skin is involved in vitamin D synthesis upon exposure to sunlight, its primary protective role is against pathogens. Choice C, 'To store nutrients,' is incorrect as the skin is not a primary organ for nutrient storage. Choice D, 'To regulate body temperature,' is a function of the skin, but the primary role in protecting the body is to act as a barrier against pathogens.
3. Which organelle in the cell contains the genetic material?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Nucleus
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Nucleus. The nucleus is the organelle in the cell that contains the genetic material (DNA). DNA within the nucleus determines the cell's functions and characteristics, making it essential for cell function and replication. Choice A, Ribosome, is responsible for protein synthesis, not genetic material storage. Choice C, Mitochondria, produces energy but does not contain the genetic material. Choice D, Endoplasmic reticulum, is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism but does not house the genetic material.
4. Which vitamin is essential for maintaining healthy skin and vision?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin A
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin A is the correct answer. It is essential for maintaining healthy skin and vision, especially in low-light conditions. Vitamin A helps in the production of retinal pigments necessary for vision in dim light and supports skin health by promoting cell turnover and repair. Choice A, Vitamin C, is important for the immune system and collagen production but is not specifically known for maintaining skin and vision health. Choice C, Vitamin D, is crucial for bone health and immune function but is not directly related to skin and vision health. Choice D, Vitamin K, is necessary for blood clotting and bone health but does not play a significant role in maintaining healthy skin and vision.
5. A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which part of the body?
- A. Hand
- B. Arm
- C. Leg
- D. Foot
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Damage to the ulnar nerve typically results in decreased sensation in the hand, particularly affecting the little finger and half of the ring finger. The ulnar nerve innervates the hand and is responsible for providing sensation to these areas. This nerve does not extend to the leg or foot, so choices C and D are incorrect. While the ulnar nerve travels through the arm, its primary sensory impact is felt in the hand, making choice B less specific and therefore not the best answer.
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