HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology Practice Test 2024
1. What organelle in the cell produces energy through the process of respiration?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Golgi Apparatus
- D. Chloroplasts
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing energy through respiration in eukaryotic cells. Choice A, the Nucleus, is not involved in energy production but rather houses the cell's genetic material. Choice C, the Golgi Apparatus, is responsible for packaging and processing proteins, not energy production. Choice D, Chloroplasts, are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, not respiration for energy production.
2. What molecule is primarily responsible for providing energy to the cell?
- A. ATP
- B. DNA
- C. ADP
- D. Glycogen
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Correct! ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the main molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular activities. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell, where energy released from the breakdown of nutrients is stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because DNA carries genetic information, ADP is the precursor of ATP, and glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage, not direct energy provision.
3. How many pairs of chromosomes do all humans have?
- A. 24 pairs
- B. 23 pairs
- C. 22 pairs
- D. 20 pairs
Correct answer: B
Rationale: All humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes. Choice A is incorrect because humans do not have 24 pairs. Choice C is incorrect as humans have 23 pairs, not 22 pairs. Choice D is incorrect as humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, not 20 pairs.
4. How many chromosomes do sperm and egg produce in meiosis?
- A. 23
- B. 46
- C. 25
- D. 50
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During meiosis, sperm and egg cells produce half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. Each contributes 23 chromosomes, which combine to form a zygote with a total of 46 chromosomes. Choice B (46) is incorrect because this is the number of chromosomes produced in mitosis, not meiosis. Choices C (25) and D (50) are also incorrect as they do not align with the chromosome count in sex cells during meiosis.
5. What is the main function of the ribosomes in the cell?
- A. DNA Replication
- B. Protein Synthesis
- C. Lipid Breakdown
- D. Cell Division
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein Synthesis. Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for synthesizing proteins. This process is crucial for various cellular functions. Choice A, DNA Replication, is incorrect as ribosomes are not involved in this process. Choice C, Lipid Breakdown, is also incorrect as ribosomes do not play a role in lipid metabolism. Choice D, Cell Division, is incorrect as ribosomes are not directly involved in the process of cell division.
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