HESI A2
Biology HESI A2 Practice Test
1. Which of the following describes the situation where one allele takes a different form from another in a gene?
- A. phenotype
- B. heterozygous
- C. homolog
- D. homozygous
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Heterozygous is the term used to describe the genotype of an individual with two different alleles for a specific gene. In this case, one allele takes a different form from another, resulting in genetic diversity and variation in trait expression. The other choices are incorrect: 'phenotype' refers to the observable traits of an organism, 'homolog' typically refers to chromosomes that are similar in structure, and 'homozygous' describes the genotype where both alleles for a gene are the same.
2. DNA bases include all but which of the following?
- A. Adenine
- B. Thymine
- C. Uracil
- D. Cytosine
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uracil. Uracil is not a DNA base; it is a base found only in RNA. The four bases in DNA are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. Choice A, Adenine, is a correct DNA base. Choice B, Thymine, is a correct DNA base. Choice D, Cytosine, is a correct DNA base. Therefore, Uracil is the only incorrect choice among the options provided.
3. Cytosine and thymine are known as:
- A. Purines
- B. Pyrimidines
- C. Both
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cytosine and thymine are known as pyrimidines because they have a single carbon ring structure. Purines, on the other hand, have a double-ring structure. Choice A ('Purines') is incorrect because purines have a double-ring structure, unlike cytosine and thymine. Choice C ('Both') is incorrect as it implies they are both purines and pyrimidines, which is not true. Choice D ('None of the above') is incorrect because cytosine and thymine are indeed pyrimidines.
4. Phenotype refers to the _ of an individual.
- A. Genetic makeup
- B. Actual physical appearance
- C. Recessive alleles
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Phenotype refers to the actual physical appearance and characteristics of an individual, which are determined by the interaction of both genetic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors. It includes visible traits such as height, eye color, and hair type. Choice A, genetic makeup, refers to the genotype, which is the genetic constitution of an organism. Choice C, recessive alleles, is a specific type of gene variant and does not encompass the entire concept of phenotype. Choice D, none of the above, is incorrect as phenotype does refer to the actual physical appearance of an individual.
5. The apical side of an epithelial cell:
- A. Is exposed to fluid or air
- B. Is on the bottom side of the cell
- C. Does not allow any substances to pass through
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The apical side of an epithelial cell is the top side, which is typically exposed to fluids, air, or the inside of an organ. This side allows substances to pass through it, facilitating the absorption, secretion, or excretion of various substances. Choice B is incorrect as the apical side is not on the bottom but the top side. Choice C is incorrect as the apical side does allow substances to pass through. Choice D is incorrect as there are characteristics associated with the apical side.
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