HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024
1. How does the integumentary system interact with the nervous system?
- A. The integumentary system removes heat from the neurons in the nervous system.
- B. The nervous system circulates nutrients outward to the integumentary system.
- C. Touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system.
- D. Messages from the nervous system affect the color and texture of the skin.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system. The integumentary system, comprising the skin, hair, and nails, functions as a sensory organ and a protective barrier against external threats. Specialized receptors in the skin detect stimuli like pressure, temperature, and pain, transmitting signals to the nervous system for interpretation. This communication enables the perception of touch and is vital for sensory processes, showcasing the interconnectedness between the integumentary and nervous systems. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the integumentary system primarily interacts with the nervous system through sensory input and communication of stimuli, rather than heat removal, nutrient circulation, or affecting skin color and texture based on nervous system messages.
2. Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure?
- A. arteries
- B. arterioles
- C. venules
- D. veins
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Veins have the lowest blood pressure among the listed structures. This is because veins carry blood back to the heart at a slower rate compared to arteries, arterioles, and venules. The lower blood pressure in veins allows for the efficient return of blood to the heart despite the decreased pressure. Arteries have high blood pressure as they transport blood away from the heart at a rapid rate. Arterioles are smaller branches of arteries and contribute to resistance in the circulatory system, leading to a pressure drop. Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and gradually converge into veins, having slightly higher pressure than veins.
3. Which organ system is primarily responsible for storing minerals?
- A. The skeletal system
- B. The endocrine system
- C. The lymphatic system
- D. The cardiovascular system
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The skeletal system is primarily responsible for storing minerals in the body. Bones serve as a storage site for essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which are important for various bodily functions including bone strength, muscle contraction, and nerve signaling. The minerals stored in bones can be released into the bloodstream as needed to maintain optimal mineral levels in the body. The endocrine system is responsible for hormone regulation, not mineral storage. The lymphatic system is involved in immune function and fluid balance, not mineral storage. The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, not storing minerals.
4. Where do nearly all of the gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place in the lungs?
- A. Pleura
- B. Trachea
- C. Bronchioles
- D. Alveoli
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Nearly all gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place in the alveoli of the lungs. The walls of the alveoli are thin and surrounded by an extensive network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Oxygen from the air diffuses through the alveoli walls and into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled out of the body. This process is essential for respiration and providing oxygen to the body's cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Pleura is the membrane surrounding the lungs, trachea is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs, and bronchioles are the smaller air passages in the lungs. However, the primary site for gaseous exchange is the alveoli due to their structure and function.
5. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective tissue
- C. Cartilage
- D. Nervous
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Epithelial.' Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells lining surfaces and cavities, such as the stomach. It does not contain blood vessels, and the cells are tall and thin. The absence of an extracellular matrix is typical of epithelial tissue, making it the most suitable choice in this scenario. Connective tissue, like cartilage and nervous tissue, have different characteristics that do not align with the description provided in the question.
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