HESI A2
Anatomy HESI A2 Practice Test
1. Which muscle is responsible for breathing?
- A. Diaphragm
- B. Intercostal muscles
- C. Rectus abdominis
- D. Pectoralis major
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for breathing. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity. When it contracts, it flattens, increasing the volume of the chest cavity and causing inhalation. When it relaxes, it returns to its dome shape, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and causing exhalation. The intercostal muscles, located between the ribs, assist the diaphragm in breathing by expanding and contracting the chest cavity. The rectus abdominis and pectoralis major are not directly involved in the process of breathing.
2. Which structure in the ear is responsible for balance?
- A. Cochlea
- B. Semicircular canals
- C. Ossicles
- D. Eustachian tube
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The semicircular canals in the inner ear are responsible for maintaining balance by detecting changes in head position and movement. These structures contain fluid and hair cells that send signals to the brain regarding the body's orientation in space, helping us stay balanced and navigate our surroundings. The cochlea is responsible for hearing, the ossicles are involved in sound transmission, and the Eustachian tube helps equalize pressure in the middle ear, but they are not directly related to balance.
3. What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?
- A. To absorb oxygen
- B. To remove carbon dioxide
- C. To exchange gases
- D. To regulate blood pressure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, during breathing. Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released through this process, enabling the body to receive oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Choice A is incorrect because the alveoli do not absorb oxygen but facilitate the exchange of gases. Choice B is incorrect as the alveoli do not remove carbon dioxide but aid in the exchange of gases. Choice D is incorrect as the alveoli are not involved in regulating blood pressure but in gas exchange.
4. What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
- A. To fight infections
- B. To transport oxygen
- C. To carry carbon dioxide
- D. To store oxygen
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To transport oxygen.' Hemoglobin in red blood cells plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues and organs for cellular respiration. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin's primary function is to bind and transport oxygen, not to fight infections, carry carbon dioxide, or store oxygen.
5. What role does the liver play in metabolism?
- A. Storing glucose
- B. Secreting bile
- C. Detoxifying harmful substances
- D. Producing enzymes
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Producing enzymes. The liver is involved in metabolism by producing enzymes that are essential for regulating various metabolic processes in the body. While the liver does store glucose, secrete bile, and detoxify harmful substances, its primary role in metabolism is producing enzymes that facilitate biochemical reactions necessary for energy production, nutrient breakdown, and waste elimination. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because although the liver performs these functions, they are not directly related to its primary role in metabolism, which is producing enzymes.
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