HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2023
1. What is the function of the liver in the digestive system?
- A. To store glucose
- B. To produce bile
- C. To detoxify harmful substances
- D. To absorb nutrients
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To produce bile. The liver's primary function in the digestive system is to produce bile. Bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. It helps emulsify fats, making it easier for enzymes to break them down into smaller molecules for absorption. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as storing glucose is primarily done in the liver for energy maintenance, detoxifying harmful substances is a function of the liver related to metabolism but not specifically in the digestive system, and absorbing nutrients is mainly done in the small intestine rather than the liver.
2. What is a primary function of the skeletal system?
- A. Production of red blood cells
- B. Support and protection
- C. Secretion of hormones
- D. Regulation of body temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Support and protection. The primary functions of the skeletal system include providing structural support to the body and protecting internal organs. While the skeletal system also plays a role in hematopoiesis (production of blood cells) and stores minerals, its main function is to support the body's framework and protect vital organs. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the primary functions of the skeletal system.
3. Which structure in the kidney filters blood?
- A. Nephron
- B. Glomerulus
- C. Bowman's capsule
- D. Loop of Henle
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels located within the Bowman's capsule. It acts as the initial filtering component in the nephron, filtering blood and allowing waste products and excess substances to pass through to form urine. Choice A, Nephron, is incorrect as the nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney composed of several parts, including the glomerulus. Choice C, Bowman's capsule, is where the glomerulus is located, but it is not the structure responsible for filtering blood. Choice D, Loop of Henle, plays a role in reabsorption of water and electrolytes but is not the primary structure for blood filtration in the kidney.
4. Which part of the brain is responsible for processing emotions?
- A. Frontal lobe
- B. Amygdala
- C. Parietal lobe
- D. Occipital lobe
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the amygdala. It is a small, almond-shaped structure located within the temporal lobe of the brain. The amygdala plays a crucial role in processing emotions such as fear, anger, pleasure, and other emotional responses. It is involved in the formation of emotional memories and helps regulate emotional responses to various stimuli. The frontal lobe is mainly responsible for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and problem-solving, not processing emotions. The parietal lobe is involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness, while the occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.
5. What substance makes up the pads that provide support between the vertebrae?
- A. bone
- B. cartilage
- C. tendon
- D. fat
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cartilage is the correct answer as it is the substance that makes up the pads between the vertebrae. Cartilage provides cushioning and support between the bones of the spine, allowing for flexibility and preventing friction between the vertebrae. Bone (choice A) is incorrect as it forms the structure of the vertebrae, not the intervertebral discs. Tendon (choice C) is incorrect as it connects muscle to bone and is not found between the vertebrae. Fat (choice D) is incorrect as it is not the substance that makes up the pads between the vertebrae.
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