HESI A2
Anatomy HESI A2
1. Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth?
- A. The skeletal system
- B. The endocrine system
- C. The nervous system
- D. The reproductive system
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The endocrine system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth through the production and release of hormones such as growth hormone, testosterone, and insulin-like growth factors. These hormones play crucial roles in stimulating muscle protein synthesis, increasing muscle mass, and promoting overall muscle growth and repair. The skeletal system provides structural support for muscles but does not directly regulate muscle growth. The nervous system controls muscle contractions and movements but is not primarily responsible for muscle growth. The reproductive system plays a role in fertility and secondary sexual characteristics but does not have a direct role in regulating muscle growth.
2. What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?
- A. Ulna
- B. Femur
- C. Radius
- D. Humerus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Femur. The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is located in the human thigh. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. The ulna, radius, and humerus, on the other hand, are bones found in the arm. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are bones of the arm, not the thigh.
3. Which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of a person’s pulse and blood pressure?
- A. 55 beats per minute and 75 over 60 mm Hg
- B. 72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mm Hg
- C. 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mm Hg
- D. 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Normal values for pulse rate typically range between 60 to 100 beats per minute, while normal blood pressure values are usually around 120/80 mm Hg. Option B falls within these normal ranges for both pulse rate and blood pressure, making it the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D have either pulse rate, blood pressure, or both values outside the normal ranges, making them incorrect.
4. How does a sagittal section divide the body?
- A. Into right and left regions
- B. Into upper and lower regions
- C. Into front and back regions
- D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions. This type of section runs longitudinally from front to back, separating the body into right and left halves. Sagittal sections are crucial for understanding the anatomical structure and orientation of various body parts. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a sagittal section specifically divides the body into right and left portions, not upper and lower regions, front and back regions, or between the dorsal and ventral cavities.
5. Which feature of the ear is most medial?
- A. Pinna
- B. Tympanic membrane
- C. Cochlea
- D. Outer canal
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is the most medial feature in the ear. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear and serves as a barrier that vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting vibrations to the middle ear ossicles. The pinna, cochlea, and outer canal are located more laterally in the ear anatomy. The pinna is the visible part of the ear located on the lateral side of the head, the cochlea is a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing, and the outer canal refers to the external auditory canal leading to the eardrum.
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