HESI A2
Anatomy HESI A2
1. Which feature of the ear is most medial?
- A. Pinna
- B. Tympanic membrane
- C. Cochlea
- D. Outer canal
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is the most medial feature in the ear. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear and serves as a barrier that vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting vibrations to the middle ear ossicles. The pinna, cochlea, and outer canal are located more laterally in the ear anatomy. The pinna is the visible part of the ear located on the lateral side of the head, the cochlea is a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing, and the outer canal refers to the external auditory canal leading to the eardrum.
2. How is pepsin utilized by the body?
- A. To break down proteins
- B. To break down starches
- C. To emulsify fats and oils
- D. To absorb water and nutrients
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that is essential for breaking down proteins during digestion. It functions by breaking down large protein molecules into smaller peptides, which are further broken down into amino acids for absorption in the intestines. Therefore, option A, 'To break down proteins,' is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the specific function of pepsin in the body.
3. What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?
- A. Ulna
- B. Femur
- C. Radius
- D. Humerus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Femur. The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is located in the human thigh. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. The ulna, radius, and humerus, on the other hand, are bones found in the arm. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are bones of the arm, not the thigh.
4. Which part of the nervous system includes the femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves?
- A. Somatic
- B. Autonomic
- C. Sympathetic
- D. Parasympathetic
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Somatic. The femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves are all part of the somatic nervous system, responsible for controlling voluntary movements and sensory input. These nerves innervate muscles and skin throughout the body, allowing conscious control of movements and sensations. The somatic nervous system is distinct from the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the autonomic nervous system (B) is responsible for involuntary functions, while the sympathetic (C) and parasympathetic (D) divisions are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, not the somatic nervous system.
5. Which mineral supports the function of the thyroid?
- A. Manganese
- B. Iodine
- C. Phosphorus
- D. Zinc
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Iodine is the mineral that supports the function of the thyroid. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating metabolism and other important bodily functions. A deficiency in iodine can lead to thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or goiter. Manganese (Choice A), Phosphorus (Choice C), and Zinc (Choice D) do not play a direct role in supporting the thyroid function like iodine does. While these minerals are important for various bodily functions, they are not specifically required for the thyroid gland's hormone production.
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