HESI A2
HESI Exams Quizlet Physics
1. In hydraulic systems, Pascal's principle states that a pressure change applied to a confined incompressible fluid is:
- A. Amplified but loses energy
- B. Transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid
- C. Limited by the container size
- D. Dependent on the fluid type
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pascal's principle states that when a pressure change is applied to a confined incompressible fluid, the resulting pressure change is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. This means that the pressure change will be the same at every point in the fluid, regardless of the container size or the type of fluid used. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Pascal's principle specifically emphasizes the transmission of pressure without amplification, limitation by container size, or dependence on the fluid type.
2. For the core of an electromagnet, a material with high:
- A. Resistivity is ideal
- B. Permeability is preferred
- C. Permittivity is crucial
- D. Dielectric strength is essential
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A material with high permeability is preferred for the core of an electromagnet because it allows magnetic field lines to pass through it easily, enhancing the strength of the magnetic field generated. Choice A is incorrect because high resistivity would impede the flow of current in the coil, reducing the strength of the magnetic field. Choice C is incorrect as permittivity is related to electric fields, not magnetic fields. Choice D is also incorrect because dielectric strength is about insulating materials against breakdown under an electric field, not relevant to enhancing magnetic fields.
3. Which of the following is NOT a mode of heat transfer between a system and its surroundings?
- A. Conduction
- B. Convection
- C. Radiation
- D. Isothermalization
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Isothermalization is not a mode of heat transfer. The three main modes of heat transfer are conduction (through direct contact), convection (through fluid motion), and radiation (through electromagnetic waves). In this question, choice A, conduction, is not a mode of heat transfer between a system and its surroundings. Conduction refers to heat transfer through direct contact between particles, without the movement of the particles themselves. Therefore, A is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they represent valid modes of heat transfer.
4. Bernoulli's principle for an incompressible, inviscid fluid in steady flow states that the mechanical energy, consisting of:
- A. Pressure (P) only, remains constant along a streamline.
- B. Velocity (v) only, remains constant along a streamline.
- C. P + ½ρv² (total mechanical energy), remains constant along a streamline
- D. Density (ρ) only, remains constant along a streamline.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Bernoulli's principle states that the sum of pressure energy (P), kinetic energy per unit volume (½ρv²), and potential energy per unit volume remains constant along a streamline in an incompressible, inviscid fluid. This means the total mechanical energy of the fluid is conserved, making Choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because Bernoulli's principle involves the conservation of the total mechanical energy, not just pressure, velocity, or density alone.
5. A system undergoes an isobaric process (constant pressure). In this process, the work done (W) by the system is:
- A. Zero, if the volume change (ΔV) is zero.
- B. Positive and equal to the pressure multiplied by the volume change (W = PΔV).
- C. Negative and equal to the pressure multiplied by the volume change.
- D. Independent of the pressure or volume change.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In an isobaric process (constant pressure), the work done is given by the formula W = PΔV, where P is the pressure and ΔV is the change in volume. If the volume does not change, the work done is zero, not negative. Choice A is incorrect as it states the work done is zero when the volume change is zero, which is the correct condition for zero work. Choice C is incorrect as it incorrectly suggests that the work done is negative in an isobaric process. Choice D is incorrect as the work done in an isobaric process is indeed dependent on the volume change and pressure.
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