HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet
1. Which vitamin is essential for the clotting of blood?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin K
- C. Vitamin C
- D. Vitamin D
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins required for blood clotting. It specifically assists in the activation of clotting factors to prevent excessive bleeding from injuries. Vitamin K plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between clotting and bleeding in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Vitamin A is important for vision, immune function, and skin health. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and acts as an antioxidant. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health.
2. Which structure in the brain regulates sleep and wakefulness?
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Thalamus
- C. Pineal gland
- D. Cerebellum
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The pineal gland, located in the brain, is responsible for regulating sleep and wakefulness by secreting the hormone melatonin. Melatonin plays a crucial role in controlling the sleep-wake cycle, with higher levels at night inducing sleepiness. The hypothalamus (Choice A) regulates various physiological processes but is not primarily responsible for sleep-wake cycles. The thalamus (Choice B) is involved in relaying sensory information but not specifically in regulating sleep. The cerebellum (Choice D) plays a role in coordination and motor control rather than sleep regulation.
3. Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs?
- A. Skeletal muscle
- B. Cardiac muscle
- C. Smooth muscle
- D. Striated muscle
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the intestines, blood vessels, and bladder. It contracts involuntarily, allowing for functions like peristalsis in the intestines and regulation of blood flow in blood vessels. Skeletal muscle (Choice A) is attached to bones, cardiac muscle (Choice B) is found in the heart, and striated muscle (Choice D) refers to both skeletal and cardiac muscles due to their striped appearance, but neither of these types are typically found in the walls of hollow organs.
4. Which type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?
- A. Arteries
- B. Capillaries
- C. Veins
- D. Lymphatic vessels
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, except for the pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues but do not specifically carry blood back to the heart. Lymphatic vessels are part of the lymphatic system responsible for immune function and do not directly carry blood back to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is veins.
5. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating emotions and memory?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Amygdala
- D. Brainstem
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The amygdala, located in the temporal lobe of the brain, is responsible for regulating emotions and memory, particularly those related to fear and pleasure. It plays a crucial role in processing emotional responses, forming emotional memories, and modulating emotional reactions. The cerebrum (Choice A) is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought and action. The cerebellum (Choice B) is mainly involved in coordination and balance. The brainstem (Choice D) controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate.
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