HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet
1. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Muscle
- D. Cartilage
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Epithelial.' Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells that cover internal and external surfaces, such as the lining of the stomach. It lacks an extracellular matrix, has tall and thin cells, and does not contain blood vessels. The other choices are incorrect because connective tissue typically has an extracellular matrix, muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells, and cartilage is a type of connective tissue with a specific extracellular matrix and cell arrangement.
2. Which part of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information?
- A. Frontal lobe
- B. Parietal lobe
- C. Occipital lobe
- D. Temporal lobe
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The parietal lobe of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain. It integrates sensory information from various parts of the body, allowing an individual to perceive and respond to different stimuli. Functions like spatial awareness and perception of the body's position in space are also associated with the parietal lobe. The frontal lobe is responsible for functions like decision-making and personality. The occipital lobe is primarily involved in visual processing, and the temporal lobe plays a role in memory and auditory processing.
3. Which brain structure is involved in memory formation?
- A. Hippocampus
- B. Amygdala
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Medulla oblongata
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The hippocampus is the correct answer. It plays a crucial role in memory formation, particularly in the creation of new memories and their association with learning and emotions. Damage to the hippocampus can result in memory impairments, highlighting its significance in cognitive functions. The amygdala (Choice B) is involved in the processing of emotions, while the cerebellum (Choice C) is primarily associated with motor control and coordination. The medulla oblongata (Choice D) is responsible for vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate regulation, not memory formation.
4. Which type of blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?
- A. Arteries
- B. Capillaries
- C. Veins
- D. Lymphatic vessels
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues back to the heart. Deoxygenated blood is transported from the body to the heart through veins, while arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are responsible for returning excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and do not primarily carry deoxygenated blood.
5. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the knee?
- A. Hamstrings
- B. Quadriceps
- C. Calves
- D. Glutes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The quadriceps, a group of muscles located on the front of the thigh, are primarily responsible for extending the knee joint. When the quadriceps contract, they work to straighten the knee, allowing for actions like kicking or standing up from a seated position. The hamstrings (Choice A) are responsible for flexing the knee, the calves (Choice C) primarily work on plantar flexion at the ankle joint, and the glutes (Choice D) are mainly involved in hip extension.
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