HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet
1. Which gland is located on top of the kidneys?
- A. Adrenal gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Pineal gland
- D. Pancreas
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys. They produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which play essential roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress in the body. The Thyroid gland, Pineal gland, and Pancreas are not located on top of the kidneys. The Thyroid gland is located in the neck, the Pineal gland in the brain, and the Pancreas behind the stomach.
2. What is the main component of the cell membrane?
- A. Proteins
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Lipids
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The main component of the cell membrane is the phospholipid bilayer, which is primarily composed of lipids. Lipids form a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment, providing structural integrity and regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell. Proteins are also essential components of the cell membrane, serving various functions such as transport, signaling, and cell recognition. Carbohydrates are present in the form of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell membrane surface, contributing to cell-cell recognition. Nucleic acids are not a primary component of the cell membrane.
3. Which structure is responsible for carrying oxygen to the cells?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. Plasma
- C. Platelets
- D. Red blood cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hemoglobin, located in red blood cells, is responsible for binding to oxygen in the lungs and transporting it to tissues throughout the body. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, making them the primary carrier of oxygen to cells. Hemoglobin is the correct answer because it is the protein within red blood cells that directly binds to oxygen for transport. Plasma is the liquid component of blood and does not carry oxygen. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting and have no role in oxygen transport. While red blood cells do carry oxygen, it is specifically the hemoglobin within them that performs this function.
4. Which structure in the brain is involved in regulating body temperature?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Hypothalamus
- C. Medulla oblongata
- D. Pineal gland
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and other autonomic functions, aiding in the maintenance of homeostasis within the body. It acts as the body's thermostat, responding to internal and external temperature changes to keep the body within a narrow temperature range. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The cerebellum is mainly involved in coordinating voluntary movements and balance. The medulla oblongata controls vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing. The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles.
5. Which structure in the eye focuses light onto the retina?
- A. Cornea
- B. Lens
- C. Pupil
- D. Iris
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. It plays a crucial role in adjusting the focus to allow for clear vision. After the light passes through the lens, it reaches the retina where it is converted into neural signals for the brain to interpret. The cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps in focusing light, but its main function is to protect the eye. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.
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