HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet
1. Which hormone is produced by the pancreas?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Somatostatin
- D. Cortisol
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the correct answer. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. It facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, helping to lower blood sugar levels. Glucagon, on the other hand, is also produced by the pancreas but functions to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of glucose from the liver. Somatostatin is another hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate the endocrine system. Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, plays a role in stress response and metabolism, not by the pancreas.
2. Which gland is known as the 'master gland'?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Adrenal gland
- D. Pineal gland
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland, often referred to as the 'master gland,' is the correct answer. It is responsible for regulating the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. The pituitary gland controls various bodily functions and plays a crucial role in maintaining hormonal balance, making it a central and vital component of the endocrine system. The other options, such as the thyroid gland (A), adrenal gland (C), and pineal gland (D), have important functions in the endocrine system but are not specifically known as the 'master gland.'
3. Which structure is responsible for carrying oxygen to the cells?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. Plasma
- C. Platelets
- D. Red blood cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hemoglobin, located in red blood cells, is responsible for binding to oxygen in the lungs and transporting it to tissues throughout the body. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, making them the primary carrier of oxygen to cells. Hemoglobin is the correct answer because it is the protein within red blood cells that directly binds to oxygen for transport. Plasma is the liquid component of blood and does not carry oxygen. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting and have no role in oxygen transport. While red blood cells do carry oxygen, it is specifically the hemoglobin within them that performs this function.
4. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating emotions and memory?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Amygdala
- D. Brainstem
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The amygdala, located in the temporal lobe of the brain, is responsible for regulating emotions and memory, particularly those related to fear and pleasure. It plays a crucial role in processing emotional responses, forming emotional memories, and modulating emotional reactions. The cerebrum (Choice A) is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought and action. The cerebellum (Choice B) is mainly involved in coordination and balance. The brainstem (Choice D) controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate.
5. What is the main function of the digestive system?
- A. To break down food and absorb nutrients
- B. To regulate body temperature
- C. To transport nutrients
- D. To produce hormones
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into nutrients through the process of digestion. Once the food is broken down, the nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and utilized by the body for various functions. Choice B, regulating body temperature, is incorrect as it is the function of the body's thermoregulatory system, not the digestive system. Choice C, transporting nutrients, is incorrect as the digestive system primarily focuses on breaking down and absorbing nutrients rather than transporting them. Choice D, producing hormones, is also incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by endocrine glands and not the digestive system.
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