HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet
1. Which organ is responsible for the production of insulin?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Pancreas
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Insulin is crucial for maintaining proper blood sugar levels and is produced by specialized cells within the pancreas known as beta cells. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland do not produce insulin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the pituitary gland releases various hormones that control other glands, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.
2. What is the function of white blood cells?
- A. To carry oxygen to the cells
- B. To fight infection
- C. To transport nutrients
- D. To clot blood
Correct answer: B
Rationale: White blood cells are a vital part of the immune system. Their primary function is to fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that enter the body. They play a crucial role in protecting the body against illnesses and maintaining overall health. Choice A is incorrect because the role of carrying oxygen to cells is primarily performed by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the transportation of nutrients is mainly carried out by the bloodstream and specialized cells. Choice D is incorrect as the process of clotting blood is primarily mediated by platelets.
3. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
- A. Veins
- B. Arteries
- C. Capillaries
- D. Nerves
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart's contractions, ensuring efficient transport of blood throughout the body. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, while capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and tissues. Nerves are not involved in the transport of blood.
4. What is the primary function of the skin in the integumentary system?
- A. Regulating body temperature
- B. Protecting the body from external damage
- C. Producing red blood cells
- D. Producing hormones
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the skin in the integumentary system is to protect the body from external damage. The skin acts as a barrier against pathogens, UV radiation, and physical trauma. While the skin does help regulate body temperature by sweating and vasodilation, its main role is protection. Skin does not produce red blood cells; this is the function of the bone marrow. Hormones are primarily produced by endocrine glands, not the skin.
5. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the knee?
- A. Hamstrings
- B. Quadriceps
- C. Calves
- D. Glutes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The quadriceps, a group of muscles located on the front of the thigh, are primarily responsible for extending the knee joint. When the quadriceps contract, they work to straighten the knee, allowing for actions like kicking or standing up from a seated position. The hamstrings (Choice A) are responsible for flexing the knee, the calves (Choice C) primarily work on plantar flexion at the ankle joint, and the glutes (Choice D) are mainly involved in hip extension.
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