HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet
1. Which cellular structure is responsible for energy production?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Ribosome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Corrected Question: Mitochondria are organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell. They generate energy through cellular respiration, producing ATP, which is used for various cellular functions. This process is crucial for providing the energy necessary to fuel cellular activities and sustain life. The other choices, the nucleus, ribosome, and Golgi apparatus, are important cellular structures but are not directly responsible for energy production. The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material, the ribosome is involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins.
2. Which gland is known as the 'master gland'?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Adrenal gland
- D. Pineal gland
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland, often referred to as the 'master gland,' is the correct answer. It is responsible for regulating the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. The pituitary gland controls various bodily functions and plays a crucial role in maintaining hormonal balance, making it a central and vital component of the endocrine system. The other options, such as the thyroid gland (A), adrenal gland (C), and pineal gland (D), have important functions in the endocrine system but are not specifically known as the 'master gland.'
3. Which type of joint is found in the neck and allows for rotational movement?
- A. Hinge joint
- B. Pivot joint
- C. Ball and socket joint
- D. Saddle joint
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pivot joint. A pivot joint, like the one found in the neck, allows for rotational movement, enabling the head to turn from side to side. Hinge joints (Choice A) allow movement in one plane like a door hinge and are not found in the neck. Ball and socket joints (Choice C) allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions and are typically found in the hip and shoulder. Saddle joints (Choice D) allow for movement back and forth and side to side, like the thumb joint, but are not found in the neck.
4. Which hormone is produced by the pancreas?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Somatostatin
- D. Cortisol
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the correct answer. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. It facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, helping to lower blood sugar levels. Glucagon, on the other hand, is also produced by the pancreas but functions to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of glucose from the liver. Somatostatin is another hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate the endocrine system. Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, plays a role in stress response and metabolism, not by the pancreas.
5. Which type of blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?
- A. Arteries
- B. Capillaries
- C. Veins
- D. Lymphatic vessels
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues back to the heart. Deoxygenated blood is transported from the body to the heart through veins, while arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are responsible for returning excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and do not primarily carry deoxygenated blood.
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