HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet
1. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the knee?
- A. Hamstrings
- B. Quadriceps
- C. Calves
- D. Glutes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The quadriceps, a group of muscles located on the front of the thigh, are primarily responsible for extending the knee joint. When the quadriceps contract, they work to straighten the knee, allowing for actions like kicking or standing up from a seated position. The hamstrings (Choice A) are responsible for flexing the knee, the calves (Choice C) primarily work on plantar flexion at the ankle joint, and the glutes (Choice D) are mainly involved in hip extension.
2. Which type of blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?
- A. Arteries
- B. Capillaries
- C. Veins
- D. Lymphatic vessels
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues back to the heart. Deoxygenated blood is transported from the body to the heart through veins, while arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are responsible for returning excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and do not primarily carry deoxygenated blood.
3. Which gland is known as the 'master gland'?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Adrenal gland
- D. Pineal gland
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland, often referred to as the 'master gland,' is the correct answer. It is responsible for regulating the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. The pituitary gland controls various bodily functions and plays a crucial role in maintaining hormonal balance, making it a central and vital component of the endocrine system. The other options, such as the thyroid gland (A), adrenal gland (C), and pineal gland (D), have important functions in the endocrine system but are not specifically known as the 'master gland.'
4. Which organ is responsible for the production of insulin?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Pancreas
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Insulin is crucial for maintaining proper blood sugar levels and is produced by specialized cells within the pancreas known as beta cells. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland do not produce insulin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the pituitary gland releases various hormones that control other glands, and the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.
5. Which type of joint is found in the hip?
- A. Hinge joint
- B. Ball and socket joint
- C. Pivot joint
- D. Saddle joint
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball and socket joint. The hip joint is classified as a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of movement in multiple directions, including rotation. This joint structure provides stability and mobility, making it ideal for the hip's functions in bearing weight and facilitating various movements. Choice A, Hinge joint, is incorrect as hinge joints allow movement in only one plane, like the elbow or knee. Choice C, Pivot joint, is incorrect as pivot joints allow rotation around a single axis, like the joint between the first and second vertebrae. Choice D, Saddle joint, is incorrect as saddle joints are found in the thumb and allow movement in two planes, but they do not describe the hip joint.
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