HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet
1. Which brain structure is involved in memory formation?
- A. Hippocampus
- B. Amygdala
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Medulla oblongata
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The hippocampus is the correct answer. It plays a crucial role in memory formation, particularly in the creation of new memories and their association with learning and emotions. Damage to the hippocampus can result in memory impairments, highlighting its significance in cognitive functions. The amygdala (Choice B) is involved in the processing of emotions, while the cerebellum (Choice C) is primarily associated with motor control and coordination. The medulla oblongata (Choice D) is responsible for vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate regulation, not memory formation.
2. What is the primary function of the skin in the integumentary system?
- A. Regulating body temperature
- B. Protecting the body from external damage
- C. Producing red blood cells
- D. Producing hormones
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the skin in the integumentary system is to protect the body from external damage. The skin acts as a barrier against pathogens, UV radiation, and physical trauma. While the skin does help regulate body temperature by sweating and vasodilation, its main role is protection. Skin does not produce red blood cells; this is the function of the bone marrow. Hormones are primarily produced by endocrine glands, not the skin.
3. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Muscle
- D. Cartilage
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Epithelial.' Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells that cover internal and external surfaces, such as the lining of the stomach. It lacks an extracellular matrix, has tall and thin cells, and does not contain blood vessels. The other choices are incorrect because connective tissue typically has an extracellular matrix, muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells, and cartilage is a type of connective tissue with a specific extracellular matrix and cell arrangement.
4. Which of the following locations is not involved in the release of hormones during stress?
- A. Parathyroid gland
- B. Adrenal cortex
- C. Posterior pituitary
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The parathyroid gland is not involved in the release of hormones during stress. It is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone. During stress, the adrenal cortex, posterior pituitary, and hypothalamus play crucial roles in releasing stress hormones like cortisol, adrenaline, and oxytocin. Therefore, the correct answer is the parathyroid gland, as it is not directly associated with the release of stress-related hormones.
5. What is the main function of the circulatory system?
- A. Transporting oxygen and nutrients
- B. Removing waste products
- C. Regulating body temperature
- D. Protecting organs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The main function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells while removing waste products. Oxygen and nutrients are carried by the blood to various tissues and organs, ensuring they receive essential elements for their proper function. Waste products are then removed from the cells and transported to the appropriate organs for elimination. This process ensures the overall well-being and functionality of the body. Choice B, removing waste products, is partially correct as one of the functions of the circulatory system is indeed to eliminate waste from the body. However, the primary function is to transport oxygen and nutrients. Choice C, regulating body temperature, is incorrect as temperature regulation is mainly controlled by the body's respiratory and integumentary systems. Choice D, protecting organs, is not a primary function of the circulatory system; protection is more closely associated with the immune system and the skeletal system.
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