Nursing Elites

1. Which gland is located on top of the kidneys?

• A. Adrenal gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pineal gland
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys. They produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which play essential roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress in the body. The Thyroid gland, Pineal gland, and Pancreas are not located on top of the kidneys. The Thyroid gland is located in the neck, the Pineal gland in the brain, and the Pancreas behind the stomach.

2. How does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system?

• A. The circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic system.
• B. Lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels.
• C. The heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands.
• D. White cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood cells.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The lymphatic system works with the circulatory system by draining excess fluid and waste products from the spaces between cells, known as interstitial fluid. This excess fluid, now called lymph, is then transported back into the blood circulation through lymphatic vessels. This process helps maintain fluid balance in the body and supports the circulatory system in regulating blood volume and pressure. Choice A is incorrect because the circulatory system does not produce red blood cells for the lymphatic system. Choice C is incorrect as the heart does not regulate lymph production in lymph glands. Choice D is incorrect as white cells from the lymphatic system do not eliminate excess red blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels, aiding in maintaining proper fluid balance and supporting the circulatory system.

3. What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

• A. To filter waste from the blood
• B. To produce urine
• C. To regulate blood pressure
• D. To maintain fluid balance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system is to filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, forming urine, which is then excreted from the body. This process helps maintain the body's internal environment by regulating the balance of electrolytes, fluid levels, and eliminating metabolic waste products. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while the kidneys do produce urine, regulate blood pressure, and maintain fluid balance, their primary function within the urinary system is the filtration of waste from the blood.

4. Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Ribosomes
• D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for energy production in the cell. They generate energy through cellular respiration, producing ATP, which is the primary energy currency of the cell. Known as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria play a vital role in meeting the energy demands of various cellular processes. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material, not energy production. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not energy production. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, as well as detoxification, but it is not primarily responsible for energy production.

5. What role does the liver play in metabolism?

• A. To produce bile
• B. To detoxify harmful substances
• C. To store glucose
• D. To produce insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To detoxify harmful substances.' The liver is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances present in the blood as part of its role in metabolism. While the liver does produce bile to aid in digestion and stores glucose for energy regulation, its main function in metabolism is detoxification. The liver does not produce insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels.

Similar Questions