HESI A2
HESI A2 Physics
1. A 5-cm candle is placed 20 cm away from a concave mirror with a focal length of 10 cm. What is the image distance of the candle?
- A. 20 cm
- B. 40 cm
- C. 60 cm
- D. 75 cm
Correct answer: C
Rationale: To find the image distance of the candle, we use the mirror formula: 1/f = 1/do + 1/di, where f is the focal length, do is the object distance, and di is the image distance. In this case, the focal length f = 10 cm and the object distance do = 20 cm. Substituting these values into the formula gives us 1/10 = 1/20 + 1/di. Solving for di, we get di = 60 cm. Therefore, the image distance of the candle is 60 cm. Choice A (20 cm) is incorrect because it represents the object distance, not the image distance. Choice B (40 cm) is incorrect as it does not consider the mirror formula calculation. Choice D (75 cm) is incorrect as it does not match the correct calculation based on the mirror formula.
2. A 110-volt hair dryer delivers 1,525 watts of power. How many amperes does it draw?
- A. 167.75 amperes
- B. 1.635 amperes
- C. 1.415 amperes
- D. 13.9 amperes
Correct answer: D
Rationale: To determine the amperes drawn by the hair dryer, we use the formula: Amperes = Watts / Volts. The hair dryer operates at 1,525 watts with 110 volts. Dividing 1,525 watts by 110 volts yields 13.9 amperes. Therefore, the correct answer is 13.9 amperes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not result from the correct calculation using the formula.
3. An airplane travels 500 miles northeast and then, on the return trip, travels 500 miles southwest. Which of the following is true?
- A. The displacement of the plane is 1,000 miles, and the distance traveled is 0 miles.
- B. The displacement of the plane is 1,000 miles, and the distance traveled is 1,000 miles.
- C. The displacement of the plane is 0 miles, and the distance traveled is 0 miles.
- D. The displacement of the plane is 0 miles, and the distance traveled is 1,000 miles.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The displacement of an object is the change in position from the starting point to the ending point, regardless of the path taken. In this case, the airplane returns to its original position after traveling 500 miles northeast and then 500 miles southwest. Therefore, the displacement is 0 miles. However, the distance traveled is the total path covered, which is 500 miles northeast plus 500 miles southwest, for a total of 1,000 miles. Choice A is incorrect because the displacement is not the sum of the distances traveled. Choice B is incorrect as it incorrectly states that both the displacement and the distance traveled are 1,000 miles. Choice C is incorrect as it states that both the displacement and the distance traveled are 0 miles, which is not the case.
4. Why are boats more buoyant in salt water than in fresh water?
- A. Salt decreases the mass of the boats.
- B. Salt increases the volume of the water.
- C. Salt affects the density of the boats.
- D. Salt increases the density of the water.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Salt increases the density of water, making saltwater more buoyant than freshwater. The higher density of saltwater provides more lift to a boat, enabling it to float more easily compared to in freshwater. Choice A is incorrect because salt does not affect the mass of the boats. Choice B is incorrect as salt does not increase the volume of water. Choice C is incorrect since salt affects the density of water, not the boats themselves. Therefore, the correct answer is that salt increases the density of the water, resulting in boats being more buoyant in salt water than in fresh water.
5. In physics, the relationship between acceleration and force is expressed in ___________.
- A. Newton’s first law of motion
- B. Newton’s second law of motion
- C. Newton’s third law of motion
- D. none of Newton’s laws of motion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The relationship between acceleration and force is expressed in Newton’s second law of motion. This law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the object's mass. Mathematically, this relationship is represented as F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration. Choice A, Newton’s first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force. Choice C, Newton’s third law of motion, states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, focusing on the interaction between two objects. Choice D is incorrect because the relationship between acceleration and force is indeed described by one of Newton’s laws of motion, specifically the second law.
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