HESI A2
HESI A2 Physics
1. A bicycle and a car are both traveling at a rate of 5 m/s. Which statement is true?
- A. The bicycle has more kinetic energy than the car.
- B. The bicycle has less kinetic energy than the car.
- C. Both vehicles have the same amount of kinetic energy.
- D. Only the car has kinetic energy.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Kinetic energy is determined by both the mass and the velocity of an object. While both the bicycle and the car are moving at the same velocity (5 m/s), the car has significantly more mass than the bicycle. As a result, the car has more kinetic energy than the bicycle, even though their speeds are identical. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the influence of mass on kinetic energy. Choice A is incorrect as the car has more kinetic energy due to its greater mass. Choice C is incorrect because the vehicles have different masses. Choice D is incorrect as both the bicycle and the car possess kinetic energy.
2. A solenoid is a long, tightly wound coil of wire that acts like a bar magnet when current flows through it. The magnetic field lines inside a solenoid are most similar to the field lines around:
- A. A single straight current-carrying wire
- B. A horseshoe magnet
- C. A permanent bar magnet
- D. A flat sheet conductor
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The magnetic field lines inside a solenoid resemble the field lines around a permanent bar magnet. Both a solenoid and a bar magnet have north and south poles, resulting in a similar pattern of magnetic field lines. A single straight current-carrying wire produces a different field pattern because it has no coil structure like a solenoid. A horseshoe magnet has a unique field shape due to its pole arrangement, different from the uniform field pattern of a solenoid. A flat sheet conductor does not exhibit the same magnetic field characteristics as a solenoid, as it lacks the coil shape and alignment of a solenoid's magnetic field.
3. A box is moved by a 15 N force over a distance of 3 m. What is the amount of work that has been done?
- A. 5 W
- B. 5 N⋅m
- C. 45 W
- D. 45 N⋅m
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Work done is calculated using the formula: Work = Force x Distance. In this case, the force applied is 15 N and the distance covered is 3 m. Thus, work done = 15 N x 3 m = 45 N⋅m. Therefore, the correct answer is 45 N⋅m. Choice A (5 W) is incorrect because work is measured in joules (J) or newton-meters (N⋅m), not in watts (W). Choice B (5 N⋅m) is incorrect as it miscalculates the work by not multiplying the force by the distance. Choice C (45 W) is incorrect because work is not measured in watts (W) but in newton-meters (N⋅m).
4. An object with a charge of 4 μC is placed 1 meter from another object with a charge of 2 μC. What is the magnitude of the resulting force between the objects?
- A. 0.04 N
- B. 0.072 N
- C. 80 N
- D. 8 × 10−6 N
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To find the magnitude of the resulting force between two charges, we can use Coulomb's law, which states that the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The formula for Coulomb's law is: F = k × (|q1 × q2| / r²), where F is the force, k is the Coulomb constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between the charges. Substituting the given values into the formula: F = (9 × 10⁹ N·m²/C²) × ((4 × 10⁻⁶ C) × (2 × 10⁻⁶ C) / (1 m)²) = 0.04 N. Therefore, the magnitude of the resulting force between the objects is 0.04 N.
5. Two 5-ohm resistors are placed in series and wired into a 100-V power supply. What current flows through this circuit?
- A. 2 A
- B. 10 A
- C. 20 A
- D. 50 A
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. Therefore, the total resistance in this circuit is 5 ohms + 5 ohms = 10 ohms. Using Ohm's Law (V = I × R), we can find the current (I) by dividing the voltage (V) by the total resistance (R). I = V / R = 100 V / 10 ohms = 10 A. Choice A (2 A) is incorrect because it does not account for the total resistance of the circuit. Choice C (20 A) and Choice D (50 A) are also incorrect as they provide values that are not consistent with the calculations based on the given values in the question.
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