HESI A2
HESI A2 Physics
1. If a force of 12 kg stretches a spring by 3 cm, how far will the spring stretch when a force of 30 kg is applied?
- A. 6 cm
- B. 7.5 cm
- C. 9 cm
- D. 10.5 cm
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied. In this case, the force increases from 12 kg to 30 kg, which is a 2.5 times increase. Therefore, the extension of the spring will also increase by 2.5 times. Given that the spring stretches 3 cm with a force of 12 kg, multiplying 3 cm by 2.5 gives us the extension of the spring when a force of 30 kg is applied, which equals 7.5 cm. Therefore, the correct answer is 7.5 cm. Choice A, 6 cm, is incorrect because it does not account for the proportional increase in force. Choice C, 9 cm, and Choice D, 10.5 cm, are incorrect as they overestimate the extension of the spring by not considering the direct proportionality between force and extension.
2. As a vehicle positioned at the peak of a hill rolls downhill, its potential energy transforms into:
- A. Thermal energy
- B. Neither thermal nor kinetic energy
- C. A combination of thermal and kinetic energy
- D. Kinetic energy
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kinetic energy. Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the vehicle moves downhill. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving object. Thermal energy is not produced in this scenario because the energy transformation is mainly from potential to kinetic energy, not involving heat generation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the primary energy transformation in this scenario is from potential to kinetic energy, not involving thermal energy.
3. A 5-cm candle is placed 20 cm away from a concave mirror with a focal length of 10 cm. What is the image distance of the candle?
- A. 20 cm
- B. 40 cm
- C. 60 cm
- D. 75 cm
Correct answer: C
Rationale: To find the image distance of the candle, we use the mirror formula: 1/f = 1/do + 1/di, where f is the focal length, do is the object distance, and di is the image distance. In this case, the focal length f = 10 cm and the object distance do = 20 cm. Substituting these values into the formula gives us 1/10 = 1/20 + 1/di. Solving for di, we get di = 60 cm. Therefore, the image distance of the candle is 60 cm. Choice A (20 cm) is incorrect because it represents the object distance, not the image distance. Choice B (40 cm) is incorrect as it does not consider the mirror formula calculation. Choice D (75 cm) is incorrect as it does not match the correct calculation based on the mirror formula.
4. Four 5 V batteries are connected in series. What is the total voltage of the circuit?
- A. 5.0 V
- B. 10.0 V
- C. 15.0 V
- D. 20.0 V
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When batteries are connected in series, their voltages add up. Therefore, the total voltage of the circuit with four 5 V batteries connected in series will be 5 V + 5 V + 5 V + 5 V = 20 V. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the voltages of the batteries add up in series, resulting in a total of 20 V.
5. A car, starting from rest, accelerates at 10 m/s² for 5 seconds. What is the velocity of the car after 5 seconds?
- A. 2 m/s
- B. 5 m/s
- C. 50 m/s
- D. The answer cannot be determined from the information given.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The velocity of an object can be calculated using the formula: final velocity = initial velocity + (acceleration × time). In this case, the car starts from rest, so the initial velocity is 0 m/s. Given that the acceleration is 10 m/s² and the time is 5 seconds, we can plug these values into the formula to find the final velocity: final velocity = 0 m/s + (10 m/s² × 5 s) = 0 m/s + 50 m/s = 50 m/s. Therefore, the velocity of the car after 5 seconds is 50 m/s. Choice A (2 m/s) and Choice B (5 m/s) are incorrect because they do not consider the acceleration the car undergoes over the 5 seconds, resulting in a final velocity greater than both. Choice D (The answer cannot be determined from the information given) is incorrect as the final velocity can be determined using the provided data and the kinematic equation.
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