HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam
1. The sebaceous glands are part of which system?
- A. Endocrine system
- B. Digestive system
- C. Respiratory system
- D. Integumentary system
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The sebaceous glands are a component of the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and associated structures. Sebaceous glands are typically found throughout the skin and are responsible for producing an oily substance called sebum, which helps keep the skin and hair lubricated and moisturized. The endocrine system (Choice A) consists of glands that produce hormones, the digestive system (Choice B) is responsible for processing food, and the respiratory system (Choice C) is involved in breathing and gas exchange.
2. Where does primary peristalsis occur?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Stomach
- C. Nervous system
- D. Small intestine
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Primary peristalsis occurs in the esophagus. Peristalsis is the coordinated muscular contractions that propel food through the digestive tract. In the esophagus, primary peristalsis is the involuntary wave-like contractions that push food from the mouth to the stomach. It is the natural and automatic process that occurs to facilitate the movement of food during digestion. The stomach (choice B), nervous system (choice C), and small intestine (choice D) are not the primary sites where peristalsis occurs in the digestive system.
3. Which lobe of the brain controls speech production?
- A. Frontal lobe
- B. Parietal lobe
- C. Temporal lobe
- D. Occipital lobe
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The frontal lobe of the brain, specifically the left hemisphere in an area known as Broca's area, is responsible for controlling speech production. This region plays a vital role in speech formation and language expression. Damage to the frontal lobe, particularly Broca's area, can lead to language difficulties like expressive aphasia, a condition characterized by trouble speaking fluently. The parietal lobe is more involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe is associated with memory, hearing, and language comprehension. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.
4. How many bones are in the human foot?
- A. 6
- B. 16
- C. 26
- D. 36
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 26. The human foot consists of 26 bones, including tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. These bones collaborate to offer support, flexibility, and stability for various activities like standing, walking, and running. Choice A (6) is incorrect as it is too low for the number of bones in the human foot. Choice B (16) is incorrect as it underestimates the actual number of bones in the foot. Choice D (36) is incorrect as it overestimates the number of bones in the human foot.
5. You have been given a sample tissue that has pillar-shaped cells arranged tightly together. The tissue you have is:
- A. Squamous Epithelium
- B. Cuboidal Epithelium
- C. Columnar Epithelium
- D. Transitional Epithelium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Columnar Epithelium. Columnar epithelium is characterized by tall, pillar-like cells that are closely packed together. This arrangement allows for absorption and secretion in tissues like the digestive tract, where this type of epithelium is commonly found. Squamous epithelium (choice A) consists of flat cells, cuboidal epithelium (choice B) has cube-shaped cells, and transitional epithelium (choice D) is found in areas that need to stretch and expand, like the urinary bladder.
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