HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam
1. Which mineral is considered an antioxidant?
- A. Selenium
- B. Calcium
- C. Sulfur
- D. Iron
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Selenium is the correct answer. It is considered an antioxidant mineral that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. Selenium is an essential component of the body's antioxidant defense system, promoting overall health and well-being. Calcium (Choice B), Sulfur (Choice C), and Iron (Choice D) are not typically classified as antioxidant minerals. While these minerals have other important functions in the body, they do not primarily act as antioxidants like selenium.
2. The coronal plane of the body may also be called the ___________ plane.
- A. sagittal
- B. median
- C. frontal
- D. axial
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: frontal. The coronal plane of the body is also known as the frontal plane. This plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections. It is perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into front and back portions. The term 'coronal' is often used in radiology and anatomy to describe this specific anatomical plane. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions, the median plane is another name for the sagittal plane, and the axial plane is a term less commonly used to describe an anatomical plane.
3. The sebaceous glands are part of which system?
- A. Endocrine system
- B. Digestive system
- C. Respiratory system
- D. Integumentary system
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The sebaceous glands are a component of the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and associated structures. Sebaceous glands are typically found throughout the skin and are responsible for producing an oily substance called sebum, which helps keep the skin and hair lubricated and moisturized. The endocrine system (Choice A) consists of glands that produce hormones, the digestive system (Choice B) is responsible for processing food, and the respiratory system (Choice C) is involved in breathing and gas exchange.
4. Which lobe of the brain controls speech production?
- A. Frontal lobe
- B. Parietal lobe
- C. Temporal lobe
- D. Occipital lobe
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The frontal lobe of the brain, specifically the left hemisphere in an area known as Broca's area, is responsible for controlling speech production. This region plays a vital role in speech formation and language expression. Damage to the frontal lobe, particularly Broca's area, can lead to language difficulties like expressive aphasia, a condition characterized by trouble speaking fluently. The parietal lobe is more involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe is associated with memory, hearing, and language comprehension. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.
5. What does the parathyroid hormone regulate?
- A. Magnesium
- B. Calcium
- C. Calcitonin
- D. Glucocorticoids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The parathyroid hormone primarily regulates calcium levels in the blood. It acts to increase calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and promoting the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, which aids in calcium absorption from the intestines. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the parathyroid hormone does not play a significant role in the regulation of magnesium (Choice A), calcitonin (Choice C), or glucocorticoids (Choice D).
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