HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam
1. The anterior chamber of the eye lies between the ___________.
- A. iris and lens
- B. lens and retina
- C. cornea and iris
- D. retina and optic nerve
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The anterior chamber of the eye is the fluid-filled space located between the cornea and the iris in the front part of the eye. It contains aqueous humor and helps maintain intraocular pressure. The space between the iris and the lens is known as the anterior chamber, making option A, 'iris and lens,' the correct choice. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the correct anatomical location of the anterior chamber.
2. What does trypsin break down in the body?
- A. Fat
- B. Starch
- C. Proteins
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Trypsin is an enzyme that specifically breaks down proteins into smaller peptides by hydrolyzing peptide bonds. It is a key enzyme involved in the digestion of proteins in the body, particularly in the small intestine where it helps in the final stages of protein digestion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because trypsin does not break down fats, starch, or nucleic acids; its primary function is the digestion of proteins.
3. What structures are likely torn in a rotator cuff tear?
- A. Tendon and possibly ligament
- B. Muscle and possibly tendon
- C. Ligament and possibly muscle
- D. Tendon only
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a rotator cuff tear, the most common structures torn are the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. In severe cases, the tear may also extend to involve the surrounding ligaments. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as it accurately represents the structures that are likely to be affected in a rotator cuff tear. Choice B is incorrect as muscles are not typically torn in a rotator cuff tear. Choice C is also incorrect as ligaments are not the primary structures involved in a rotator cuff tear. Choice D is incorrect because a rotator cuff tear typically involves more than just the tendons.
4. To which system do the retinas belong?
- A. skeletal system
- B. nervous system
- C. lymphatic system
- D. circulatory system
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The retinas belong to the nervous system. The retina is a layer of tissue at the back of the eye responsible for detecting light and sending visual information to the brain through the optic nerve. This process is essential for vision, which is controlled by the nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the retinas have no association with the skeletal, lymphatic, or circulatory systems.
5. You have been given a sample tissue that has pillar-shaped cells arranged tightly together. The tissue you have is:
- A. Squamous Epithelium
- B. Cuboidal Epithelium
- C. Columnar Epithelium
- D. Transitional Epithelium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Columnar Epithelium. Columnar epithelium is characterized by tall, pillar-like cells that are closely packed together. This arrangement allows for absorption and secretion in tissues like the digestive tract, where this type of epithelium is commonly found. Squamous epithelium (choice A) consists of flat cells, cuboidal epithelium (choice B) has cube-shaped cells, and transitional epithelium (choice D) is found in areas that need to stretch and expand, like the urinary bladder.
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