HESI A2
HESI A2 Chemistry Questions
1. Which of the following elements is the most electronegative?
- A. Oxygen
- B. Fluorine
- C. Nitrogen
- D. Sodium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table. It has the highest electronegativity value, indicating its strong ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond. This property makes it highly reactive, explaining why it is the correct answer in this question. Oxygen and Nitrogen are also electronegative elements, but they are not as electronegative as Fluorine. Sodium, on the other hand, is not electronegative; it is an electropositive element.
2. Which substance has a pH value greater than 7?
- A. Water
- B. Vinegar
- C. Lemon juice
- D. Baking soda
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Baking soda. Baking soda has a pH greater than 7, making it basic. pH values above 7 indicate alkalinity, and baking soda, being a base, has a pH higher than 7. Water, vinegar, and lemon juice have pH values below 7, indicating acidity. Water is neutral with a pH of 7, while vinegar and lemon juice are acidic with pH values lower than 7.
3. What type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and salt?
- A. Neutralization reaction
- B. Decomposition reaction
- C. Combustion reaction
- D. Redox reaction
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A neutralization reaction is the correct answer. In this type of reaction, an acid and a base combine to form water and salt. The acid donates a proton (H+) to the base, forming water, while the remaining ions combine to form a salt. This reaction results in the neutralization of both the acid and the base, hence the name 'neutralization reaction.' Choice B, decomposition reaction, is incorrect because it refers to a reaction where a compound breaks down into simpler substances. Choice C, combustion reaction, is incorrect as it involves a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light. Choice D, redox reaction, is incorrect because it involves the transfer of electrons between reactants.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of an exothermic reaction?
- A. It absorbs heat
- B. It releases heat
- C. It remains neutral
- D. It requires energy input
Correct answer: B
Rationale: An exothermic reaction is characterized by the release of heat. During an exothermic reaction, energy is released in the form of heat to the surroundings, resulting in a temperature increase. This distinguishes it from endothermic reactions, which absorb heat from the surroundings. Choice A is incorrect because exothermic reactions do not absorb heat; instead, they release heat. Choice C is incorrect as exothermic reactions do not remain neutral; they involve a net release of energy. Choice D is incorrect as exothermic reactions do not require energy input; instead, they release energy.
5. What is the name of the phase change from liquid to gas?
- A. Condensation
- B. Sublimation
- C. Evaporation
- D. Melting
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Evaporation.' This phase change occurs when a liquid turns into a gas. During evaporation, molecules gain enough energy to break free from the liquid phase and enter the gas phase, without the need for the liquid to reach its boiling point. Choice A, 'Condensation,' is the opposite phase change where gas turns into a liquid. Choice B, 'Sublimation,' is the phase change from solid directly to gas, skipping the liquid phase. Choice D, 'Melting,' is the phase change from solid to liquid.
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