HESI A2
HESI A2 Reading Comprehension V1 2024
1. What is a major difference in the way baroreceptors and chemoreceptors work from the way the kidneys work?
- A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume.
- B. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors both work to help maintain blood volume, whereas the kidneys take care of salts, water, and waste removal.
- C. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors must work together to control blood pressure, whereas the kidneys work with the adrenal cortex.
- D. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are both located near the adrenal cortex, whereas the kidneys are located near the heart.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are responsible for monitoring blood pressure by sensing changes in pressure, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, and pH within the arteries. They send out impulses to raise or lower blood pressure accordingly. On the other hand, the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood volume by absorbing salts and water and removing waste products. This key difference highlights that while baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are involved in monitoring and regulating blood pressure, the kidneys primarily focus on controlling blood volume. Choice B is incorrect because it inaccurately states that baroreceptors and chemoreceptors help maintain blood volume, which is not their primary function. Choice C is incorrect as it provides an inaccurate comparison between the roles of baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as it wrongly associates the location of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors with the adrenal cortex, which is not accurate.
2. What is the meaning of the word 'deceptive' as it is used in the fifth paragraph?
- A. misleading
- B. malicious
- C. illegal
- D. irritating
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the context provided, 'deceptive' means misleading. The passage discusses how the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulates product advertising to ensure that all information is truthful and not misleading. Therefore, the correct answer is 'A: misleading.' Choice B, 'malicious,' is incorrect as it implies harmful intent, which is not necessarily conveyed by the term 'deceptive' in this context. Choice C, 'illegal,' is incorrect because 'deceptive' does not solely refer to something being against the law, but rather to misleading information. Choice D, 'irritating,' is also incorrect as it does not capture the essence of 'deceptive' as used in the passage.
3. What is the meaning of the word 'sterile' as it is used in the second paragraph?
- A. free of bacteria
- B. healthy
- C. delicious
- D. impotent
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the context provided, 'sterile' means free of bacteria. The text mentions that raw foods are not sterile and can be a common source of foodborne illnesses due to contamination with harmful bacteria. 'Healthy' (choice B) is incorrect as the term 'sterile' specifically refers to the absence of bacteria, not overall health. 'Delicious' (choice C) is irrelevant to the context of bacteria contamination. 'Impotent' (choice D) is also incorrect as it does not relate to the concept of being free from bacteria.
4. What is the subject of the passage?
- A. foodborne illnesses
- B. the dangers of uncooked food
- C. bacteria
- D. proper food preparation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'foodborne illnesses.' The passage discusses how foodborne illnesses are contracted by consuming contaminated food or beverages, the symptoms they can cause, common sources of contamination like bacteria, viruses, and chemicals, and preventive measures. While the passage mentions dangers associated with uncooked food, bacteria, and proper food preparation, the primary focus is on foodborne illnesses caused by various contaminants. Choice B, 'the dangers of uncooked food,' is incorrect as it is a narrower focus compared to the broader topic of foodborne illnesses. Choice C, 'bacteria,' is incorrect as it is one of the contaminants discussed in relation to foodborne illnesses but not the central subject of the passage. Choice D, 'proper food preparation,' is incorrect as it is mentioned in the passage but not as the main subject; rather, it is discussed as a preventive measure to avoid foodborne illnesses.
5. What is the meaning of the word 'popular' as it is used in the third paragraph?
- A. complicated
- B. old-fashioned
- C. beloved
- D. for the general public
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In the context provided, 'popular' refers to magazines intended for the general public. The paragraph mentions that Infotrac indexes hundreds of popular magazines and newspapers, including medical journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association and New England Journal of Medicine. These magazines target a wide audience, making choice D ('for the general public') the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the context of the paragraph.
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