HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology Practice Test
1. Which, if any, of the following statements are true?
- A. Water boils at approximately 100°C (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure
- B. The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure around the water
- C. Water boils at a lower temperature in areas of lower pressure
- D. A and C are true
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Both statements A and C are true. Water indeed boils at approximately 100°C (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure. However, water boils at a lower temperature in areas of lower pressure due to the decreased atmospheric pressure, which affects the vapor pressure and boiling point of water. Statement B is incorrect because the boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the external pressure (atmospheric pressure in this case), not when it is higher.
2. Where can epithelial tissue be found?
- A. Organ lining
- B. Heart muscle
- C. Tendons
- D. Spinal cord
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Epithelial tissue is primarily found lining the surfaces of organs, such as the skin and the linings of various internal organs like the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and blood vessels. It serves as a protective barrier and helps with absorption and secretion. Heart muscle is made up of cardiac muscle tissue, tendons are primarily composed of dense connective tissue, and the spinal cord is composed of nervous tissue, none of which are classified as epithelial tissue.
3. If a hard-boiled egg is placed in a beaker of saltwater, what will happen to the egg?
- A. Expand because water will move into the egg
- B. Shrivel because water will leave the egg
- C. Remain the same
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. When a hard-boiled egg is placed in a beaker of saltwater, the egg will shrivel because water will leave the egg through osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, in this case, from the egg into the saltwater. The higher concentration of solute in the saltwater causes water to move out of the egg, leading to the egg shrinking or shriveling. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the egg will not expand, remain the same, or have an outcome different from shriveling when placed in a beaker of saltwater.
4. What is the purpose of the mitochondria?
- A. Control the cell
- B. Create energy
- C. Create proteins
- D. Package waste for removal
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Create energy. The primary purpose of the mitochondria is to generate energy for the cell. Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency used by cells to carry out various functions and processes. Choice A is incorrect as the mitochondria do not control the cell but rather produce energy. Choice C is incorrect as protein synthesis primarily occurs in the ribosomes. Choice D is incorrect as packaging waste for removal is a function associated with lysosomes, not mitochondria.
5. Which of the following is false?
- A. Animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells
- B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy
- C. Plant cells have a cell wall to maintain structure
- D. All of the above are true
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The statement "B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy" is false. Chloroplasts are only present in plant cells and certain algae, where they are responsible for photosynthesis to generate energy from sunlight. Animal cells rely on other organelles, such as mitochondria, for energy production. Choice A is true because animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells and cellular waste. Choice C is true as plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose that provides structural support and protection.
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