HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology Practice Test
1. What is the binding membrane of an animal cell called?
- A. Biological membrane
- B. Cell coat
- C. Unit membrane
- D. Plasma membrane
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Plasma membrane. The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and acts as an interface between the living interior of the cell and the nonliving exterior. It plays a vital role in maintaining the cell's integrity, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell, and facilitating communication with other cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the term 'plasma membrane' specifically refers to the binding membrane of an animal cell, distinguishing it from other types of membranes or coatings found in cells.
2. Select the option that best shows complementary base pairing in DNA:
- A. A and G
- B. A and C
- C. A and A
- D. A and T
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. A purine (A) must pair with a pyrimidine (T) in DNA. This eliminates options A and C as they do not follow the rule of complementary base pairing. Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) due to their specific shape and bonding properties in DNA structure. Choice B is incorrect because adenine does not pair with cytosine in DNA.
3. Which is true of the term Phenotype?
- A. It is the genetic code
- B. Phenotype determines genotype
- C. Genotype determines phenotype
- D. Genotype, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors determine phenotype
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The term "phenotype" refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, which are determined by a combination of genotype (genetic makeup), epigenetic factors (modifications to gene expression), and environmental factors (external influences and experiences). Genotype, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors all play a role in determining an individual's phenotype, making option D the correct statement. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because the phenotype is not the genetic code, the phenotype does not determine the genotype, and it is the genotype that influences the phenotype, not the other way around.
4. Enzymes are typically _ _.
- A. Fats
- B. Proteins
- C. Sugars
- D. Neurons
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes are typically proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. While most enzymes are made of proteins, a few exceptions, known as ribozymes, are made of RNA. Proteins are composed of amino acids arranged in specific sequences that give enzymes their unique shape and functionality. Choice A, 'Fats,' is incorrect as enzymes are not typically composed of fats. Choice C, 'Sugars,' is incorrect as enzymes are not typically composed of sugars. Choice D, 'Neurons,' is incorrect as neurons are a type of cell in the nervous system, not typically associated with enzymes.
5. Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water?
- A. the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
- B. the results of the polarity are covalent bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
- C. the results of the polarity are ionic bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
- D. the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Polarity is the most important characteristic of water because it results in hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties. These unique properties enable water to form hydrogen bonds with other substances, resist temperature changes, and dissolve a wide variety of solutes, making it essential for life processes. Choice B is incorrect because water exhibits hydrogen bonding, not covalent bonding. Choice C is incorrect as water does not form ionic bonds. Choice D is incorrect because water has a high, not low, specific heat value, which is vital for its role in temperature regulation.
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