HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023
1. Which organelle in the cell is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Mitochondrion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is an organelle responsible for packaging and distributing proteins and lipids within the cell. It modifies, sorts, and packages these molecules into vesicles for transportation to their final destinations, either within the cell or outside of it. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the secretory pathway of cells, ensuring that proteins are properly processed and directed to where they are needed. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not packaging and distributing proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding but not primarily in packaging and distributing proteins. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, not packaging and distributing proteins.
2. What is the main function of the nervous system?
- A. Transporting blood
- B. Protecting the body from infection
- C. Regulating body temperature
- D. Digesting food
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The main function of the nervous system is to control and coordinate body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body and responding to internal and external stimuli. This allows for the regulation of body temperature, movement, sensory perception, and various other functions necessary for homeostasis. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary role of the nervous system. Transporting blood is mainly carried out by the circulatory system, protecting the body from infection is a function of the immune system, and digesting food is the role of the digestive system.
3. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of collagen?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin B12
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein crucial for maintaining the structure and integrity of skin, blood vessels, and bones. It plays a key role in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen synthesis, which is necessary for the stability and strength of collagen fibers. Choice B: Vitamin D is essential for bone health and calcium absorption but is not directly involved in collagen synthesis. Choice C: Vitamin B12 is important for red blood cell formation and neurological function but is not directly related to collagen synthesis. Choice D: Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting and bone metabolism but does not play a direct role in collagen synthesis.
4. What is the primary function of the pancreas in digestion?
- A. To absorb nutrients
- B. To secrete digestive enzymes
- C. To produce bile
- D. To store glucose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion by secreting digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the process of breaking down food particles into smaller molecules that can be easily absorbed by the body for nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary function of the pancreas is not to absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store glucose in digestion.
5. What is the primary function of the heart?
- A. To filter blood
- B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
- C. To remove waste
- D. To regulate temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood and nutrients throughout the body, supplying cells with vital substances. Choice A is incorrect as the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood. Choice C is incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by organs like the kidneys and liver. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by mechanisms such as sweating and shivering, not the heart.
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