Nursing Elites

1. Ocean waves may tear sponges into pieces, each of which may grow into a new sponge. What is this form of reproduction called?

• A. Budding
• B. Vegetative propagation
• C. Binary fission
• D. Fragmentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fragmentation is the form of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment can grow into a new individual. In the case of sponges being torn into pieces by ocean waves, each piece has the potential to develop into a new sponge, making fragmentation the correct answer in this scenario. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops as an outgrowth from the parent organism. Vegetative propagation involves the growth of new individuals from plant parts like stems or roots. Binary fission is a method of reproduction seen in some single-celled organisms where one cell divides into two identical cells.

2. What kind of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA?

• A. hydrogen
• B. ionic
• C. covalent
• D. overt

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sugar and phosphate are indeed connected by covalent bonds in DNA. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, which is essential for forming the backbone of the DNA molecule. Hydrogen bonds (Choice A) are important in holding the nitrogenous bases together in the DNA double helix but do not connect sugar and phosphate. Ionic bonds (Choice B) involve the transfer of electrons between atoms and are not the primary bond connecting sugar and phosphate in DNA. 'Overt' (Choice D) is not a type of chemical bond and is an incorrect distractor.

3. Which organelle provides storage space for the cell?

• A. Mitochondrion
• B. Vacuole
• C. Cell membrane
• D. Ribosome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vacuole. The vacuole is the organelle responsible for providing storage space in the cell. It stores water, nutrients, waste products, and other essential materials required by the cell. Vacuoles are crucial for maintaining cell structure and regulating cellular processes. Mitochondrion (choice A) is known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy. The cell membrane (choice C) is a protective barrier around the cell, regulating what enters and exits the cell. Ribosomes (choice D) are involved in protein synthesis, not storage.

4. Why do cells need to use exocytosis?

• A. To obtain energy
• B. To defend against invaders
• C. To remove waste products
• D. To undergo division

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cells need to use exocytosis to remove waste products from the cell. Exocytosis is a process where cells release molecules or substances outside the cell by fusing vesicles with the cell membrane. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis by efficiently eliminating waste materials. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because exocytosis is specifically involved in the expulsion of molecules, not for obtaining energy, defending against invaders, or cell division.

5. Two organisms live in a relationship from which both benefit. What is this called?

• A. Mutualism
• B. Parasitism
• C. Commensalism
• D. Competition

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both parties benefit from the association. It is a mutually beneficial interaction where both organisms gain something valuable, such as food, protection, or some other resource. This contrasts with parasitism, where one organism benefits at the expense of the other, commensalism, where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected, and competition, where both organisms are negatively affected by their interaction.

Similar Questions