Nursing Elites

1. Ocean waves may tear sponges into pieces, each of which may grow into a new sponge. What is this form of reproduction called?

• A. Budding
• B. Vegetative propagation
• C. Binary fission
• D. Fragmentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fragmentation is the form of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment can grow into a new individual. In the case of sponges being torn into pieces by ocean waves, each piece has the potential to develop into a new sponge, making fragmentation the correct answer in this scenario. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops as an outgrowth from the parent organism. Vegetative propagation involves the growth of new individuals from plant parts like stems or roots. Binary fission is a method of reproduction seen in some single-celled organisms where one cell divides into two identical cells.

2. Which of the following is true of homozygous traits?

• A. They are haploid
• B. They are denoted AA
• C. They are denoted aa
• D. They are denoted Aa

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Homozygous traits have two identical forms of the gene, either both dominant (AA) or both recessive (aa). Therefore, choices B and C are true for homozygous traits. Choice A is incorrect because being haploid refers to having a single set of chromosomes, not necessarily homozygous traits. Choice D is incorrect as homozygous traits have identical alleles, so they are not denoted as Aa.

3. Which of the following is the structure of the male reproductive system that stores spermatozoa during the maturation process?

• A. vas deferens
• B. scrotum
• C. epididymis
• D. testicular artery

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The epididymis is the structure of the male reproductive system that stores spermatozoa during the maturation process. Sperm cells produced in the testes move to the epididymis, where they mature and become motile before being ejaculated. The vas deferens is responsible for transporting mature sperm to the urethra during ejaculation, the scrotum holds the testes and helps regulate their temperature for sperm production, and the testicular artery supplies blood to the testes. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not play a direct role in storing spermatozoa during the maturation process.

4. What is the initial step in the metabolism of food to cellular energy?

• A. Citric Acid Cycle
• B. Glycolysis
• C. Electron Transport Chain
• D. Photosynthesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the initial step in the metabolism of food to cellular energy. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport Chain occur later in cellular respiration, while Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

5. What propels the cell forward?

• A. Microfilaments
• B. Propulsion
• C. Cilia
• D. Flagella

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Propulsion, not microfilaments, cilia, or flagella, is what drives the cell forward. Propulsion is the force or process that propels the cell forward and allows it to move within its environment. Microfilaments are involved in cell structure, cilia are small hair-like structures for movement, and flagella are tail-like structures used for cell propulsion in some organisms.

Similar Questions