Nursing Elites

1. Which bacteria are spherical in shape?

• A. Clostridia
• B. Bacilli
• C. Spirilla
• D. Cocci

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cocci. Bacteria that are spherical in shape are known as cocci. They can be found in various arrangements such as clusters, chains, or pairs. Examples of cocci bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Choice A, Clostridia, consists of rod-shaped bacteria. Choice B, Bacilli, refers to rod-shaped bacteria as well. Choice C, Spirilla, are spiral-shaped bacteria, not spherical.

2. Which organelle is responsible for organizing protein synthesis?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Ribosome
• C. Lysosome
• D. Vacuole

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ribosome. Ribosomes are responsible for organizing protein synthesis by assembling amino acids. They are the cellular machinery where proteins are synthesized. The other choices, such as the nucleus, lysosome, and vacuole, do not directly participate in protein synthesis. The nucleus contains DNA and controls cell activities, the lysosome is involved in digestion and waste removal, and the vacuole is responsible for storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure.

3. How does an enzyme work on a chemical reaction that occurs in a substrate?

• A. An enzyme slows down the chemical reaction.
• B. An enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction.
• C. An enzyme has no effect on the chemical reaction.
• D. An enzyme stops most chemical reactions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. This allows the reaction to proceed more quickly and efficiently. Enzymes do not change the overall outcome of the reaction, but they significantly increase the rate at which it takes place. Therefore, choice B, 'An enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction,' is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because enzymes do not slow down, have no effect, or stop chemical reactions; instead, they accelerate the process by lowering the activation energy.

4. Which is an example of a gymnosperm?

• A. Red cedar
• B. Japanese cherry
• C. Flowering dogwood
• D. American chestnut

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Red cedar is the correct answer as it is an example of a gymnosperm. Gymnosperms are plants that produce seeds not enclosed within an ovary or fruit. In the case of red cedar, it belongs to the gymnosperm group and has naked seeds that are exposed on the surface of scales or leaves. Choices B, C, and D are angiosperms, not gymnosperms. Japanese cherry, flowering dogwood, and American chestnut are all examples of angiosperms, which are flowering plants with seeds enclosed within an ovary.

5. Athletes are often concerned with the question of what they need in their diets to increase muscle mass and strength. What biologic molecule would you recommend that would accomplish this?

• A. carbohydrates
• B. proteins
• C. lipids
• D. nucleic acids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Proteins are essential for building and repairing muscle tissue. They contain amino acids, which are the building blocks of muscles. Athletes looking to increase muscle mass and strength should focus on consuming adequate amounts of high-quality proteins in their diets. Carbohydrates provide energy for workouts, lipids are important for overall health but do not directly contribute to muscle building, and nucleic acids are involved in genetic activities rather than muscle growth.

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