Nursing Elites

1. Which of these molecules contains glucose?

• A. Proteins
• B. Lipids
• C. Nucleic acids
• D. Carbohydrates

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Glucose is a type of simple sugar and is classified as a carbohydrate. It is commonly found in various carbohydrate-containing foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and sugary snacks. Therefore, the molecule containing glucose would be a carbohydrate, making choice D the correct answer. Proteins (choice A) are made up of amino acids, lipids (choice B) are fats, and nucleic acids (choice C) are DNA and RNA, none of which contain glucose.

2. Which names a final step in protein synthesis?

• A. DNA unzips.
• B. Amino acids bond.
• C. Transfer RNA bonds to messenger RNA.
• D. Messenger RNA moves to ribosomes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The final step in protein synthesis is when amino acids bond together to form a protein chain. This process occurs during translation, where transfer RNA (tRNA) brings specific amino acids to the ribosome, and the ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids. This step ultimately leads to the synthesis of a complete protein based on the instructions from messenger RNA (mRNA). Choice A ('DNA unzips') is incorrect as it refers to the initiation of transcription, not the final step of protein synthesis. Choice C ('Transfer RNA bonds to messenger RNA') is incorrect as it describes the process of translation initiation rather than the final step. Choice D ('Messenger RNA moves to ribosomes') is also incorrect as mRNA is already present at the ribosomes throughout the translation process, not just in the final step.

3. Which of the following is a protein?

• A. cellulose
• B. hemoglobin
• C. estrogen
• D. ATP

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'hemoglobin' because it is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Estrogen is a hormone, not a protein. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that carries energy within cells, not a protein.

4. What process do cells in the tip of a plant’s root undergo to increase in number?

• A. Meiosis
• B. Cytokinesis
• C. Fractioning
• D. Mitosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cells in the tip of a plant's root undergo the process of mitosis to increase in number. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process allows for growth and maintenance of tissues in plants by producing new cells through division. Choice A, Meiosis, is incorrect as meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in cells to produce gametes. Choice B, Cytokinesis, is incorrect as it is the division of the cytoplasm following cell division. Choice C, Fractioning, is not a biological process related to cell division.

5. What provides the cell with the ability to move and propel?

• A. Microfilaments
• B. Microtubules
• C. Flagella
• D. Cilia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Microtubules are the cellular structures responsible for cell movement and propulsion. Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton and play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell motility and intracellular transport. While microfilaments also contribute to cell movement by enabling muscle contraction and cell shape changes, they are not primarily responsible for propelling the cell. Flagella and cilia are cellular appendages involved in cell movement, but they are composed of microtubules, making them the structures that move due to the actions of microtubules.

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