Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is true of optical microscopy?

• A. Utilizes scanning electrons
• B. Utilizes visible light
• C. Utilizes dye for samples
• D. More than one of the above is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'More than one of the above is true.' Optical microscopy utilizes visible light (Choice B) and often involves the use of dyes for samples (Choice C). Using dyes helps enhance contrast, making it easier to visualize the structures being observed. Choice A is incorrect as optical microscopy does not utilize scanning electrons, but rather visible light.

2. In which phase of mitosis do new nuclear membranes form around sets of chromosomes?

• A. Prophase
• B. Anaphase
• C. Telophase
• D. Interphase

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Telophase. During telophase, the final phase of mitosis, new nuclear membranes form around sets of chromosomes at the opposite poles of the cell. This process marks the completion of nuclear division in mitosis. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in prophase, chromosomes condense but nuclear membranes are not formed; in anaphase, chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles but no new nuclear membranes are formed; and in interphase, the cell prepares for division but nuclear membranes are not forming around sets of chromosomes.

3. Which organelle is found in protists but not in monerans?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Chromosome
• C. Cytoplasm
• D. Cell membrane

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is the correct answer. The Golgi apparatus is a cellular organelle responsible for processing and packaging proteins before they are transported to their final destination. Protists, being eukaryotic organisms, have membrane-bound organelles including the Golgi apparatus, which are absent in monerans. Monerans are prokaryotic organisms that lack membrane-bound structures such as the Golgi apparatus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as chromosomes, cytoplasm, and cell membranes are present in both protists and monerans.

4. What is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Binary Fission
• D. Budding

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Mitosis. Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a cell divides and produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Choice B, Meiosis, is a type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Choice C, Binary Fission, is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms. Choice D, Budding, is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent.

5. Which of the following describes the situation where one allele takes a different form from another in a gene?

• A. phenotype
• B. heterozygous
• C. homolog
• D. homozygous

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Heterozygous is the term used to describe the genotype of an individual with two different alleles for a specific gene. In this case, one allele takes a different form from another, resulting in genetic diversity and variation in trait expression. The other choices are incorrect: 'phenotype' refers to the observable traits of an organism, 'homolog' typically refers to chromosomes that are similar in structure, and 'homozygous' describes the genotype where both alleles for a gene are the same.

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