Nursing Elites

1. Which organism reproduces via binary fission?

• A. Mushroom
• B. Blue whale
• C. Rainbow trout
• D. Salmonella

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Salmonella. Salmonella bacterium reproduces via binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction where the cell divides into two daughter cells with identical genetic material. This process is common among bacteria and single-celled organisms. Mushrooms reproduce through spores, blue whales and rainbow trout reproduce sexually, involving the fusion of male and female gametes. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reproduce through binary fission.

2. Which of the following are components of the endocrine system?

• A. The pituitary gland
• B. The thyroid gland
• C. The adrenal glands
• D. All of the Above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The endocrine system comprises a network of glands that produce and release hormones to regulate bodily functions. The pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands are essential components of this system. The pituitary gland secretes various hormones that control other glands and some body functions. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, growth, and energy levels by producing thyroid hormones. The adrenal glands produce hormones involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune function. Therefore, all of the above glands are integral parts of the endocrine system, making choice D the correct answer.

3. Which of the following are found both in open and closed circulatory systems?

• A. Arteries
• B. Red blood cells
• C. Capillaries
• D. Immune cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Capillaries. Capillaries are found in both open and closed circulatory systems. Capillaries are small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues. They are essential components of circulatory systems regardless of whether they are open or closed. Arteries (Choice A) are not found in open circulatory systems, as these systems lack distinct arteries and veins. Red blood cells (Choice B) are present in the blood but are not exclusive to either open or closed circulatory systems. Immune cells (Choice D) are not specific components of circulatory systems, as they are part of the immune system.

4. Select the strand of DNA that would match this segment: ACTTGCA

• A. TGAACGT
• B. GACCATG
• C. ACTTGCA
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct match for the DNA segment ACTTGCA is TGAACGT. In DNA, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). Therefore, the complementary strand to ACTTGCA should be TGAACGT, making choice A the correct answer. Choice B (GACCATG) does not follow the base pairing rules; hence, it is incorrect. Choice C (ACTTGCA) is the original segment, not its complementary strand. Choice D is incorrect as well because a matching strand does exist.

5. Which of the following is true of optical microscopy?

• A. Utilizes scanning electrons
• B. Utilizes visible light
• C. Utilizes dye for samples
• D. More than one of the above is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'More than one of the above is true.' Optical microscopy utilizes visible light (Choice B) and often involves the use of dyes for samples (Choice C). Using dyes helps enhance contrast, making it easier to visualize the structures being observed. Choice A is incorrect as optical microscopy does not utilize scanning electrons, but rather visible light.

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