Nursing Elites

1. Why does cytokinesis happen?

• A. DNA can duplicate
• B. Organelles can convert energy
• C. Bacteria can be killed
• D. Daughter cells can divide

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cytokinesis happens at the end of mitosis to physically separate the newly formed daughter cells. This allows the cell to divide into two separate daughter cells, each containing a complete set of genetic material (DNA) and organelles. The purpose of cytokinesis is to ensure that each daughter cell receives the necessary components to function independently. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cytokinesis does not directly involve DNA duplication, organelles converting energy, or killing bacteria.

2. Which of the following is true of Glycolysis?

• A. It requires the absence of Oxygen
• B. It occurs in the presence of Oxygen
• C. It is the final step of fermentation
• D. It is the final step of anaerobic respiration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration and can occur in both aerobic (presence of oxygen) and anaerobic (absence of oxygen) conditions. In aerobic respiration, glycolysis takes place in the presence of oxygen and continues with the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. So, glycolysis does not require the absence of oxygen but can occur in its presence as part of the overall process of aerobic respiration. Choice A is incorrect because glycolysis can occur in the presence of oxygen. Choice C is incorrect because glycolysis is not the final step of fermentation; it is the initial step. Choice D is incorrect because glycolysis is not the final step of anaerobic respiration; it is the first step, followed by further processes to complete anaerobic respiration.

3. Anaerobic respiration happens in _ because _ .

• A. Animals; they need energy
• B. Plants; they use sunlight
• C. Bacteria; they live in environments with low oxygen
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Anaerobic respiration happens in bacteria because they live in environments with low oxygen. Bacteria, unlike animals and plants, do not have easy access to oxygen for aerobic respiration and must find alternative ways to produce energy to survive. This makes anaerobic respiration essential for their metabolic processes. Choice A is incorrect because although animals need energy, they generally rely on aerobic respiration when oxygen is available. Choice B is incorrect because plants primarily perform photosynthesis using sunlight to produce energy. Choice D is incorrect as anaerobic respiration does occur in specific organisms like bacteria when oxygen is scarce.

4. Which of the following is a protein?

• A. cellulose
• B. hemoglobin
• C. estrogen
• D. ATP

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'hemoglobin' because it is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Estrogen is a hormone, not a protein. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that carries energy within cells, not a protein.

5. Which organelle is responsible for making proteins?

• A. Ribosome
• B. Chloroplast
• C. Lysosome
• D. Mitochondrion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis within the cell. They are the sites where amino acids are linked together to form proteins based on the instructions carried by mRNA (messenger RNA). Ribosomes can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, and they play a crucial role in translating genetic information into proteins. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, and mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell responsible for energy production through cellular respiration. Therefore, the ribosome is the correct organelle responsible for making proteins.

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