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1. Which chemical reaction involves the breaking of a compound into its components?

• A. Decomposition reaction
• B. Combustion reaction
• C. Neutralization reaction
• D. Single displacement reaction

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decomposition reaction. A decomposition reaction involves breaking down a compound into its components. During this reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. This process is the opposite of a synthesis reaction where multiple substances combine to form a more complex compound. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because combustion reaction involves burning a substance in oxygen, neutralization reaction involves the reaction between an acid and a base to form water and a salt, and single displacement reaction involves an element displacing another in a compound.

2. What determines polarity in a molecule?

• A. Bond length
• B. Bond strength
• C. Electronegativity
• D. Molecular weight

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Polarity in a molecule is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms forming the bond. The greater the difference in electronegativity, the more polar the bond and molecule become. This difference leads to an uneven distribution of electron density within the bond, creating partial positive and negative charges on the atoms involved. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Bond length and strength do not determine polarity, and molecular weight is not directly related to the polarity of a molecule.

3. What type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and salt?

• A. Neutralization reaction
• B. Decomposition reaction
• C. Combustion reaction
• D. Redox reaction

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A neutralization reaction is the correct answer. In this type of reaction, an acid and a base combine to form water and salt. The acid donates a proton (H+) to the base, forming water, while the remaining ions combine to form a salt. This reaction results in the neutralization of both the acid and the base, hence the name 'neutralization reaction.' Choice B, decomposition reaction, is incorrect because it refers to a reaction where a compound breaks down into simpler substances. Choice C, combustion reaction, is incorrect as it involves a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light. Choice D, redox reaction, is incorrect because it involves the transfer of electrons between reactants.

4. What type of chemical reaction involves the reaction of a compound with oxygen?

• A. Decomposition
• B. Synthesis
• C. Combustion
• D. Single replacement

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Combustion. A combustion reaction is characterized by a compound reacting with oxygen. During this process, heat and light are often produced as energy is released in the form of heat. Combustion is a common type of reaction involving organic compounds, like hydrocarbons, reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because decomposition involves a compound breaking down into simpler substances, synthesis involves the combination of two or more substances to form a more complex one, and single replacement involves an element replacing another element in a compound.

5. What is the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid H2SO4?

• A. 4
• B. 6
• C. 8
• D. 10

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sulfur has an oxidation state of +6. The oxidation state is determined by considering the overall charge of the compound and the known oxidation states of other elements. In this case, hydrogen is typically +1, and oxygen is -2. To balance the charges and match the compound's overall charge of 0, sulfur must have an oxidation state of +6. Choice A (4) is incorrect because it doesn't balance the charges in the compound. Choices C (8) and D (10) are also incorrect as they are not valid oxidation states for sulfur in this compound.

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