Nursing Elites

1. Ocean waves build during a storm until there is a vertical distance from the high point to the low point of 6 meters and a horizontal distance of 9 meters between adjacent crests. The waves hit the shore every 5 seconds. What is the speed of the waves?

• A. 1.2 m/s
• B. 1.8 m/s
• C. 2.0 m/s
• D. 2.4 m/s

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To find the speed of the waves, we use the formula: speed = wavelength / period. The wavelength is the horizontal distance between adjacent crests, which is 9 meters in this case. The period is the time it takes for one wave to pass a fixed point, given as 5 seconds. Therefore, speed = 9 meters / 5 seconds = 1.8 m/s. Choice A (1.2 m/s) is incorrect because it miscalculates the speed. Choice C (2.0 m/s) and Choice D (2.4 m/s) are incorrect as they do not correctly calculate the speed using the provided data.

2. In a parallel circuit, the ___________ through each component is the same.

• A. current
• B. voltage
• C. resistance
• D. wattage

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a parallel circuit, the current through each component is the same. This is because the components in a parallel circuit are connected across the same voltage source, so they all experience the same voltage across their terminals. The total current entering the parallel circuit is then split up among the various components, but the current through each component remains the same as the total current. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. In a parallel circuit, voltage across each component may vary, resistance may differ, and wattage is related to power, not the equality of current through each component.

3. When a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a charged capacitor, what will happen to the capacitance?

• A. Increase
• B. Decrease
• C. Remain the same
• D. Become unpredictable

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a charged capacitor, the capacitance will increase. This is because the presence of a dielectric material reduces the electric field between the plates, allowing more charge to be stored for a given voltage, thus increasing the capacitance. Choice B is incorrect because adding a dielectric material increases capacitance. Choice C is incorrect because capacitance changes when a dielectric is added. Choice D is incorrect because the effect of a dielectric on capacitance is predictable.

4. A 5-kg block is suspended from a spring, causing the spring to stretch 10 cm from equilibrium. What is the spring constant for this spring?

• A. 4.9 N/cm
• B. 9.8 N/cm
• C. 49 N/cm
• D. 50 N/cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The spring constant (k) can be calculated using Hooke's Law formula: F = -kx, where F is the force applied, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement from equilibrium. In this case, the force applied is equal to the weight of the block, F = mg, where m = mass of the block = 5 kg and g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s^2. The displacement x = 10 cm = 0.1 m. Substituting the values, we have: 5 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = k * 0.1 m. Solving for k gives k = 5 * 9.8 / 0.1 = 49 N/m. Therefore, the spring constant for this spring is 49 N/cm. Choice A (4.9 N/cm) is incorrect because it is one decimal place lower than the correct answer. Choice B (9.8 N/cm) is incorrect as it does not account for the correct calculation based on the given information. Choice D (50 N/cm) is incorrect because it is slightly higher than the accurate value obtained through the calculations.

5. A pitcher throws a 45-g baseball at a velocity of 42 meters per second. What is the ball’s momentum?

• A. 0.189 kg⋅m/s
• B. 1.89 kg⋅m/s
• C. 1.07 kg⋅m/s
• D. 0.93 kg⋅m/s

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Momentum is calculated by multiplying mass (in kg) by velocity (in m/s). The mass of the baseball is 0.045 kg (45 grams converted to kg), and the velocity is 42 m/s. Momentum = 0.045 kg × 42 m/s = 1.89 kg⋅m/s. Therefore, the correct answer is 1.89 kg⋅m/s. Choice A is incorrect as it incorrectly converts the mass from grams to kg. Choice C and D are incorrect due to calculation errors.

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