Nursing Elites

1. Why is yeast used to make bread rise?

• A. It engages in photosynthesis, which produces oxygen gas.
• B. Carbon dioxide forms while yeast carries out photosynthesis.
• C. Yeast carries out fermentation, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• D. Yeast breathes in oxygen and produces carbon dioxide through aerobic respiration.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Yeast is used to make bread rise because it carries out fermentation, producing carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide gas gets trapped in the dough, causing it to rise and create a fluffy texture in the bread. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because yeast does not engage in photosynthesis, so it does not produce oxygen gas, does not carry out photosynthesis to form carbon dioxide, and does not produce carbon dioxide through aerobic respiration. Yeast's fermentation process is essential for bread rising.

2. What is the function of water in photosynthesis?

• A. Combine with carbon dioxide
• B. Absorb light energy
• C. Supply electrons in the light reactions
• D. Transport hydrogen ions in the dark reactions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Supply electrons in the light reactions.' In photosynthesis, water is split during the light reactions of photosynthesis, releasing electrons that are used in the formation of ATP and NADPH, crucial for the synthesis of glucose. Choice A is incorrect because water does not combine with carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. Choice B is incorrect as water does not absorb light energy directly. Choice D is incorrect because the transportation of hydrogen ions mainly occurs in the electron transport chain, which is part of the light reactions, not the dark reactions.

3. What happens during anaphase?

• A. Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle.
• B. Nuclear membrane and nucleoli disintegrate.
• C. Chromatids line up at the center of the spindle.
• D. Nuclear membrane and nucleoli form.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During anaphase, the sister chromatids, joined at the centromere, separate and move towards opposite ends of the spindle apparatus. This movement ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. Choice B is incorrect as the disintegration of the nuclear membrane and nucleoli occurs during prophase. Choice C is incorrect as chromatids align at the center of the spindle during metaphase, not anaphase. Choice D is incorrect as the formation of the nuclear membrane and nucleoli occurs during telophase, not anaphase.

4. Where is the genetic code for each person stored?

• A. RNA
• B. DNA
• C. Nucleus
• D. Chromosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The genetic code for each person is stored in DNA. DNA carries all the hereditary information, including unique traits and characteristics. RNA (Choice A) is involved in protein synthesis but does not hold the complete genetic code. The nucleus (Choice C) is a cellular organelle that houses the DNA, but it is not the genetic code itself. Chromosomes (Choice D) are structures made of DNA and proteins, but the genetic code is specifically encoded in the DNA molecule.

5. Select the strand of DNA that would match this segment: ACTTGCA

• A. TGAACGT
• B. GACCATG
• C. ACTTGCA
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct match for the DNA segment ACTTGCA is TGAACGT. In DNA, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). Therefore, the complementary strand to ACTTGCA should be TGAACGT, making choice A the correct answer. Choice B (GACCATG) does not follow the base pairing rules; hence, it is incorrect. Choice C (ACTTGCA) is the original segment, not its complementary strand. Choice D is incorrect as well because a matching strand does exist.

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