Nursing Elites

1. Which organelle is found in protists but not in monerans?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Chromosome
• C. Cytoplasm
• D. Cell membrane

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is the correct answer. The Golgi apparatus is a cellular organelle responsible for processing and packaging proteins before they are transported to their final destination. Protists, being eukaryotic organisms, have membrane-bound organelles including the Golgi apparatus, which are absent in monerans. Monerans are prokaryotic organisms that lack membrane-bound structures such as the Golgi apparatus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as chromosomes, cytoplasm, and cell membranes are present in both protists and monerans.

2. The two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production are:

• A. fermentation and protein synthesis
• B. cellular respiration and glycolysis
• C. fermentation and glycolysis
• D. cellular respiration and fermentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cellular respiration and fermentation. Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, which is the primary source of energy for cells. Fermentation, on the other hand, occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces ATP through glycolysis followed by specific fermentation pathways. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Protein synthesis is a biosynthetic process, not a catabolic pathway for energy production. Glycolysis is a common step in both cellular respiration and fermentation, so it is not a pair of distinct catabolic pathways. Therefore, the most accurate pairing of catabolic pathways for cellular energy production is cellular respiration and fermentation.

3. The scientific name for a house cat is Felis catus. This indicates the house cat’s ___________ and ___________.

• A. kingdom; family
• B. order; subspecies
• C. phylum; class
• D. genus; species

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The scientific name for an organism consists of its genus and species. In this case, 'Felis' refers to the genus, while 'catus' refers to the species, thus indicating the house cat's genus and species as Felis catus. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D.' Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a scientific name does not include information about the kingdom, family, order, subspecies, phylum, or class of an organism.

4. Which statement is true of enzymes?

• A. They are made from lipids.
• B. They are made from proteins.
• C. They form double chains of DNA.
• D. They bind with catalysts.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Enzymes are made from proteins. Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. While the majority of enzymes are proteins, a few are made from RNA. The statement that enzymes are made from lipids (choice A) is incorrect. Enzymes do not form double chains of DNA (choice C) as their primary function is not related to DNA structure. Additionally, enzymes themselves do not bind with catalysts (choice D); instead, they act as catalysts to facilitate reactions.

5. Which of the following animals would have the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption?

• A. Cow
• B. Caterpillar
• C. Coyote
• D. Cricket

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cows are ruminant animals that have multiple stomachs and require large amounts of food to digest and convert into energy. They have lower energy efficiency compared to insects like caterpillars, coyotes, and crickets, which have more efficient nutrient consumption processes. The digestive system and metabolic functions of cows result in them having the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption among the given choices. Caterpillars, coyotes, and crickets have more efficient nutrient consumption processes, making them more energy-efficient than cows.

Similar Questions