Nursing Elites

1. What are saturated fats saturated with?

• A. Hydrogen atoms
• B. Carbon atoms
• C. Oxygen atoms
• D. Nitrogen atoms

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Saturated fats are saturated with hydrogen atoms. This means that each carbon atom in the fatty acid chains forming saturated fats is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. This saturation results in the fatty acid chains being straight and closely packed together, making saturated fats solid at room temperature. Choice B (Carbon atoms), C (Oxygen atoms), and D (Nitrogen atoms) are incorrect because saturated fats are specifically saturated with hydrogen atoms, not carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen atoms.

2. Why is DNA important for the metabolic activities of the cell?

• A. It initiates cellular mitosis.
• B. It provides cell wall stability.
• C. It increases glucose absorption.
• D. It controls the synthesis of enzymes.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: DNA is important for the metabolic activities of the cell because it controls the synthesis of enzymes. Enzymes are essential for catalyzing metabolic reactions in the cell. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because DNA is not directly involved in cellular mitosis, cell wall stability, or glucose absorption.

3. Which of the following are found both in open and closed circulatory systems?

• A. Arteries
• B. Red blood cells
• C. Capillaries
• D. Immune cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Capillaries. Capillaries are found in both open and closed circulatory systems. Capillaries are small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues. They are essential components of circulatory systems regardless of whether they are open or closed. Arteries (Choice A) are not found in open circulatory systems, as these systems lack distinct arteries and veins. Red blood cells (Choice B) are present in the blood but are not exclusive to either open or closed circulatory systems. Immune cells (Choice D) are not specific components of circulatory systems, as they are part of the immune system.

4. Select the option that best shows complementary base pairing in DNA:

• A. A and G
• B. A and C
• C. A and A
• D. A and T

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A purine (A) must pair with a pyrimidine (T) in DNA. This eliminates options A and C as they do not follow the rule of complementary base pairing. Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) due to their specific shape and bonding properties in DNA structure. Choice B is incorrect because adenine does not pair with cytosine in DNA.

5. Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water?

• A. the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
• B. the results of the polarity are covalent bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
• C. the results of the polarity are ionic bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
• D. the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Polarity is the most important characteristic of water because it results in hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties. These unique properties enable water to form hydrogen bonds with other substances, resist temperature changes, and dissolve a wide variety of solutes, making it essential for life processes. Choice B is incorrect because water exhibits hydrogen bonding, not covalent bonding. Choice C is incorrect as water does not form ionic bonds. Choice D is incorrect because water has a high, not low, specific heat value, which is vital for its role in temperature regulation.

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