Nursing Elites

1. What are saturated fats saturated with?

• A. Hydrogen atoms
• B. Carbon atoms
• C. Oxygen atoms
• D. Nitrogen atoms

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Saturated fats are saturated with hydrogen atoms. This means that each carbon atom in the fatty acid chains forming saturated fats is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. This saturation results in the fatty acid chains being straight and closely packed together, making saturated fats solid at room temperature. Choice B (Carbon atoms), C (Oxygen atoms), and D (Nitrogen atoms) are incorrect because saturated fats are specifically saturated with hydrogen atoms, not carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen atoms.

2. Genes control heredity in man and other organisms. This gene is ___

• A. A segment of DNA
• B. A bead-like structure on the chromosomes
• C. A protein molecule
• D. A segment of RNA

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Genes are sections of DNA that contain instructions for building and operating living organisms. These sections of DNA contain the genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next. Genes are composed of specific sequences of nucleotides within the DNA molecule. Therefore, genes are best described as segments of DNA. Choice A is correct. Choice B is incorrect because genes are not bead-like structures on chromosomes but specific sequences of DNA. Choice C is incorrect because genes are not protein molecules but rather sequences of nucleotides. Choice D is incorrect because genes are not segments of RNA but DNA.

3. What is the correct order of the hierarchy of levels in the biological classification of organisms?

• A. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
• B. Phylum, kingdom, class, order, family, genus, and species
• C. Order, phylum, class, kingdom, family, genus, and species
• D. Kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, and species

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of the hierarchy of levels in the biological classification of organisms is Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. This order is based on the Linnaean system of classification, with each level representing a progressively more specific grouping of organisms. Choice B is incorrect because it starts with Phylum instead of Kingdom. Choice C is incorrect as it places Order before Phylum. Choice D is incorrect because it does not follow the correct order of the biological classification hierarchy.

4. How should a researcher test the hypothesis that practicing yoga reduces blood pressure?

• A. Record the blood pressure of one male and one female participant before and after participating in a yoga class.
• B. Divide 30 female participants into two groups with similar average blood pressure; test each participant’s blood pressure after participating in a yoga class.
• C. Divide 30 female participants into two groups with similar average blood pressure; have one group watch television for an hour while the other takes a yoga class, record each participant’s blood pressure after the hour. Repeat daily for two weeks.
• D. Start with 15 men and 15 women; have the men watch television for an hour while the women take a yoga class, record each participant’s blood pressure after the hour. Reverse, having the men take a yoga class while the women watch television.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B is the most appropriate way to test the hypothesis that practicing yoga reduces blood pressure. By dividing 30 female participants into two groups with similar average blood pressure levels and testing each participant's blood pressure after participating in a yoga class, the researcher can effectively evaluate the impact of yoga on blood pressure. This design allows for a comparison between the two groups, helping to isolate the effects of yoga practice on blood pressure. Option A only involves one male and one female participant, which may not provide a representative sample. Option C introduces an additional variable of watching television, which could confound the results. Option D lacks consistency in the experimental design by switching the activities between men and women, making it difficult to attribute any observed changes solely to yoga practice.

5. What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?

• A. Carries amino acids to the ribosome
• B. Links nucleotides together
• C. Copies DNA sequences
• D. Replicates genetic material

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During protein synthesis, tRNA plays the crucial role of carrying amino acids to the ribosome. This process ensures that the correct amino acids are brought to the ribosome according to the mRNA sequence. Choice B, linking nucleotides together, refers to the role of RNA polymerase in transcription, not tRNA. Choice C, copying DNA sequences, is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication, while choice D, replicating genetic material, is an overarching function of DNA replication, not specific to tRNA's role in protein synthesis.

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