Nursing Elites

1. The author suggests that persistent passivity and imperturbability may be a direct result of which of the following?

• A. Drug-induced stimulation of the amygdala.
• B. A stroke that resulted in severe tissue damage in the limbic system.
• C. Encephalitis as a result of head trauma.
• D. Activation of a strategically implanted electrode in a patient’s amygdala.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The passage highlights that damage to the limbic system, specifically the amygdala, can lead to passivity and lack of aggression. This is supported by the statement that patients with trauma or damage to the amygdala exhibit a complete absence of aggression. Thus, a stroke causing severe tissue damage in the limbic system, including the amygdala, can result in persistent passivity and imperturbability. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to damage in the limbic system, which is specifically mentioned in the passage as the cause of the described behaviors.

2. What does Macmillan's invention of the bicycle signify?

• A. He made important changes in bicycle design.
• B. He invented the first bicycle with pedals.
• C. He developed the modern chain drive.
• D. He improved the safety of bicycles.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Macmillan's invention of pedals was a significant milestone in bicycle history as it allowed for quicker and more efficient travel. The provided extract mentions that Macmillan's bicycle had foot-operated cranks like pedals, which enabled the rider to travel at a quick pace. This innovation marked a crucial development in the evolution of bicycles. While choices A, C, and D are related to advancements in bicycle design and safety, the key significance of Macmillan's invention lies in introducing pedals to bicycles, making choice B the correct answer.

3. The passage mentions all of the following claims for the health benefits of super foods EXCEPT ___________.

• A. lowering cholesterol
• B. stabilizing insulin levels
• C. building muscle mass
• D. reducing blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage discusses various health benefits of superfoods, such as lowering cholesterol, stabilizing insulin levels, and reducing blood pressure. However, it does not mention anything about building muscle mass, making C the correct choice as it identifies the claim that is not supported by the passage.

4. A vegetarian diet is said to lower all of the following EXCEPT ___________.

• A. The need for protein
• B. The percentage of body fat
• C. The risk of heart disease
• D. Cholesterol

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The passage suggests that a vegetarian diet can provide sufficient protein and lower body fat, heart disease risk, and cholesterol, but it does not suggest that it lowers the need for protein.

5. What is the main idea of the passage about microbes?

• A. Recent discoveries are revealing the critical role of microorganisms in maintaining a properly functioning immune system.
• B. The human body is host to a staggering number of microorganisms.
• C. Bacteriotherapy reintroduces healthy bacteria into a colon lacking the capability to defend against pathogenic agents.
• D. Early research has shown remarkable discoveries in the possibilities of bacteriotherapy.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main idea of the passage is that recent discoveries are shedding light on the pivotal role of microorganisms in maintaining a properly functioning immune system. The passage discusses how the human body hosts a wide array of microorganisms, emphasizes the importance of these bacteria in the development of the immune system, and explores the potential applications of bacteriotherapy. Choice A is the correct answer because it accurately reflects the central theme discussed in the passage. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they focus on specific details or applications mentioned in the passage, rather than capturing the overarching theme of the critical role of microorganisms in immune system function.

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