Nursing Elites

1. In an adiabatic process, there is:

• A. No heat transfer (Q = 0) between the system and the surroundings.
• B. Isothermal compression or expansion (constant temperature).
• C. Constant pressure throughout the process (isobaric process).
• D. No change in the system's internal energy (energy is conserved according to the first law).

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In an adiabatic process, choice A is correct because adiabatic processes involve no heat transfer between the system and its surroundings (Q = 0). This lack of heat transfer is a defining characteristic of adiabatic processes. Choices B, C, and D do not accurately describe an adiabatic process. Choice B refers to an isothermal process where temperature remains constant, not adiabatic. Choice C describes an isobaric process with constant pressure, not specific to adiabatic processes. Choice D mentions the conservation of energy but does not directly relate to the absence of heat transfer in adiabatic processes.

2. A circular running track has a circumference of 2,500 meters. What is the radius of the track?

• A. 1,000 m
• B. 400 m
• C. 25 m
• D. 12 m

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The radius of a circular track can be calculated using the formula: Circumference = 2 × π × radius. Given that the circumference of the track is 2,500 m, we can plug this into the formula and solve for the radius: 2,500 = 2 × π × radius. Dividing both sides by 2π gives: radius = 2,500 / (2 × 3.1416) ≈ 397.89 m. Therefore, the closest answer is 400 m, making option B the correct choice. Option A (1,000 m) is too large, option C (25 m) is too small, and option D (12 m) is significantly smaller than the calculated radius.

3. An object with a charge of 4 μC is placed 50 cm from another object with a charge twice as great. What is the magnitude of the resulting repulsive force?

• A. 0.1152 N
• B. 1.152 N
• C. 10^−3 N
• D. 2.5 × 10^−3 N

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The force between two charges is calculated using Coulomb's Law, which states that the force is proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Given that one charge is twice as great as the other and the distance between them is 50 cm, we can calculate the repulsive force. The magnitude of the resulting repulsive force is 2.5 × 10^−3 N. Choice A is incorrect as it does not match the calculated value. Choice B is incorrect as it is significantly higher than the correct answer. Choice C is incorrect as it represents 10^−3 N, which is lower than the calculated value.

4. A 110-volt appliance draws 0 amperes. How many watts of power does it require?

• A. 0 watts
• B. 108 watts
• C. 112 watts
• D. 220 watts

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a 110-volt appliance draws 0 amperes, it means that the power consumption is zero as well. The formula to calculate power is P = V x I, where P is power in watts, V is voltage in volts, and I is current in amperes. Since the current is 0 amperes, the power required by the appliance is also 0 watts. Therefore, the correct answer is 0 watts. Choice B, 108 watts, is incorrect because there is no current drawn. Choice C, 112 watts, and choice D, 220 watts, are incorrect as well since the appliance is not consuming any power when drawing 0 amperes.

5. An airplane travels 500 miles northeast and then, on the return trip, travels 500 miles southwest. Which of the following is true?

• A. The displacement of the plane is 1,000 miles, and the distance traveled is 0 miles.
• B. The displacement of the plane is 1,000 miles, and the distance traveled is 1,000 miles.
• C. The displacement of the plane is 0 miles, and the distance traveled is 0 miles.
• D. The displacement of the plane is 0 miles, and the distance traveled is 1,000 miles.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The displacement of an object is the change in position from the starting point to the ending point, regardless of the path taken. In this case, the airplane returns to its original position after traveling 500 miles northeast and then 500 miles southwest. Therefore, the displacement is 0 miles. However, the distance traveled is the total path covered, which is 500 miles northeast plus 500 miles southwest, for a total of 1,000 miles. Choice A is incorrect because the displacement is not the sum of the distances traveled. Choice B is incorrect as it incorrectly states that both the displacement and the distance traveled are 1,000 miles. Choice C is incorrect as it states that both the displacement and the distance traveled are 0 miles, which is not the case.

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