Nursing Elites

1. If bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, they will shrink as water moves out of the bacteria. What is this process called?

• A. Dehydration synthesis
• B. Hydrolysis
• C. Osmosis
• D. Isotonic transport

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In this case, when bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, the high concentration of solutes outside the bacteria causes water to move out of the bacteria, leading to shrinkage. This process is known as osmosis. Dehydration synthesis (Choice A) is a process where molecules combine by removing water. Hydrolysis (Choice B) is the breakdown of molecules by the addition of water. Isotonic transport (Choice D) does not accurately describe the specific movement of water in or out of bacterial cells in a hypertonic solution.

2. Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

• A. Providing the shape and form of our bodies
• B. Supporting and protecting the body
• C. Producing blood
• D. Storing vitamins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Producing blood is not a function of the skeletal system. Blood production primarily occurs in the bone marrow, which is found within the bones. The skeletal system provides the shape and form of our bodies, supports and protects the body, and stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus for various functions. Storing vitamins is not a primary function of the skeletal system, although some vitamins may play a role in bone health.

3. What provides the cell with the ability to move and propel?

• A. Microfilaments
• B. Microtubules
• C. Flagella
• D. Cilia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Microtubules are the cellular structures responsible for cell movement and propulsion. Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton and play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell motility and intracellular transport. While microfilaments also contribute to cell movement by enabling muscle contraction and cell shape changes, they are not primarily responsible for propelling the cell. Flagella and cilia are cellular appendages involved in cell movement, but they are composed of microtubules, making them the structures that move due to the actions of microtubules.

4. What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits?

• A. Hydrolysis
• B. Reduction
• C. Metabolism
• D. Transpiration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hydrolysis is the term used to describe the breakdown of large molecules into smaller units by adding water. In the case of glycogen being broken down into glucose subunits, this process involves the addition of water molecules to break the glycosidic bonds between glucose molecules, resulting in the release of individual glucose subunits. This process is crucial for providing cells with a source of energy when needed. Choice B, Reduction, refers to a chemical reaction involving a gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state, not the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits. Choice C, Metabolism, is a broad term encompassing all biochemical processes in an organism, including anabolism and catabolism, but does not specifically describe the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits. Choice D, Transpiration, is the process of water movement through a plant and is not related to the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits.

5. A cell containing 12 chromosomes divides into daughter cells in mitosis. How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell?

• A. 3
• B. 6
• C. 12
• D. 24

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During mitosis, the cell undergoes nuclear division without changing the number of chromosomes. Therefore, the daughter cells produced will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In this case, since the parent cell contains 12 chromosomes, each daughter cell will also have 12 chromosomes. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because during mitosis, the chromosome number remains the same, and daughter cells inherit the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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