Nursing Elites

1. A spring has a spring constant of 20 N/m. How much force is needed to compress the spring from 40 cm to 30 cm?

• A. 200 N
• B. 80 N
• C. 5 N
• D. 2 N

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The change in length of the spring is 40 cm - 30 cm = 10 cm = 0.10 m. The force required to compress or stretch a spring is given by Hooke's Law: F = k × x, where F is the force, k is the spring constant (20 N/m in this case), and x is the change in length (0.10 m). Substituting the values into the formula: F = 20 N/m × 0.10 m = 2 N. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 N. Choice A (200 N) is incorrect because it miscalculates the force. Choice B (80 N) is incorrect as it does not apply Hooke's Law correctly. Choice C (5 N) is incorrect as it underestimates the force required.

2. An airplane travels 500 miles northeast and then, on the return trip, travels 500 miles southwest. Which of the following is true?

• A. The displacement of the plane is 1,000 miles, and the distance traveled is 0 miles.
• B. The displacement of the plane is 1,000 miles, and the distance traveled is 1,000 miles.
• C. The displacement of the plane is 0 miles, and the distance traveled is 0 miles.
• D. The displacement of the plane is 0 miles, and the distance traveled is 1,000 miles.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The displacement of an object is the change in position from the starting point to the ending point, regardless of the path taken. In this case, the airplane returns to its original position after traveling 500 miles northeast and then 500 miles southwest. Therefore, the displacement is 0 miles. However, the distance traveled is the total path covered, which is 500 miles northeast plus 500 miles southwest, for a total of 1,000 miles. Choice A is incorrect because the displacement is not the sum of the distances traveled. Choice B is incorrect as it incorrectly states that both the displacement and the distance traveled are 1,000 miles. Choice C is incorrect as it states that both the displacement and the distance traveled are 0 miles, which is not the case.

3. Fluid dynamics is a subfield of fluid mechanics concerned with:

• A. Equilibrium properties of fluids at rest (Fluid Statics)
• B. The motion and behavior of fluids under various conditions
• C. Phase transitions of fluids between liquid, gas, and solid states
• D. Engineering applications of fluids (related but broader than fluid dynamics)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion and their behavior under different conditions, including how they flow, mix, and interact with their surroundings. It focuses on the dynamic aspects of fluids rather than their static properties when at rest, which is the realm of fluid statics. Phase transitions of fluids between liquid, gas, and solid states are more related to thermodynamics than fluid dynamics. While engineering applications involve fluid dynamics, the field itself is more specialized in studying the movement and behavior of fluids.

4. In an electrically neutral atom, the number of:

• A. Electrons is equal to protons
• B. Protons is equal to neutrons
• C. Neutrons are always greater than protons
• D. Electrons are always less than protons

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In an electrically neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Electrons carry a negative charge, protons carry a positive charge, and neutrons are neutral. Since the atom is electrically neutral, the positive charge of the protons must balance the negative charge of the electrons, making the numbers of electrons and protons equal. Choice B is incorrect because protons are not equal to neutrons in an atom. Choice C is incorrect because neutrons are not always greater than protons, and choice D is incorrect because electrons are not always less than protons in an atom.

5. Longitudinal waves have vibrations that move ___________.

• A. at right angles to the direction of the vibrations
• B. in the direction opposite to that of the wave
• C. in the same direction as the wave
• D. in waves and troughs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In longitudinal waves, the vibrations of particles occur in the same direction as the wave propagates. This means the particles move back and forth in the direction of the wave, creating compressions and rarefactions along the wave. Therefore, the correct choice is C, in the same direction as the wave. Choice A is incorrect because transverse waves, not longitudinal waves, have vibrations at right angles to the direction of wave propagation. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the motion in transverse waves. Choice D is incorrect as it is an inaccurate representation of how longitudinal waves propagate.

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