Nursing Elites

1. How are molecules of water bonded to each other?

• A. Ionic
• B. Covalent
• C. Hydrogen
• D. Molecular

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Water molecules are bonded to each other by 'hydrogen' bonds. These bonds are not as strong as covalent bonds, which hold the atoms within each water molecule together (Choice B). Ionic bonds (Choice A) involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, which is not the case in water molecules. The term 'molecular' (Choice D) is too general and doesn't specifically describe the type of bond between water molecules.

2. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align in the center of the cell?

• A. Prophase
• B. Metaphase
• C. Telophase
• D. Anaphase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Metaphase. During Metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell's equator, forming the metaphase plate. This alignment ensures that during the subsequent phase, Anaphase, the sister chromatids can separate and move towards opposite poles. Prophase is the initial phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Telophase is the final phase of mitosis where two new nuclei form.

3. Which one of the following best describes the function of a cell membrane?

• A. It controls the substances entering and leaving the cell.
• B. It maintains the cell's shape.
• C. It controls the substances entering the cell.
• D. It supports the cell's structures.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The function of a cell membrane is to control the substances entering and leaving the cell. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing it to regulate the movement of ions and molecules in and out of the cell to maintain internal balance and proper function. Choice B is incorrect because while the cell membrane does provide some structural support, its primary function is not to maintain the cell's shape. Choice C is incorrect because the cell membrane controls both the substances entering and leaving the cell, not just those entering. Choice D is incorrect as the primary function of the cell membrane is not to support the cell's structures but to regulate the movement of substances.

4. Where is the ovary located in a flowering plant?

• A. Anther
• B. Pistil
• C. Stamen
• D. Calyx

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The ovary is located in the pistil of a flowering plant. The pistil is the female reproductive part of the flower, and it consists of the ovary, style, and stigma. The ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization. Choice A, 'Anther,' is incorrect because the anther is the part of the flower's stamen that produces pollen. Choice C, 'Stamen,' is incorrect because the stamen is the male reproductive part of the flower, consisting of the anther and filament. Choice D, 'Calyx,' is incorrect because the calyx is the outermost whorl of a flower, composed of sepals that protect the flower bud.

5. What cycle is the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during aerobic respiration?

• A. Calvin Cycle
• B. Krebs Cycle
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. Fermentation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Krebs Cycle is the correct answer. It is a series of reactions occurring in the mitochondria and is a crucial part of aerobic respiration. The Calvin Cycle is a part of photosynthesis, not respiration, making choice A incorrect. Photosynthesis (choice C) is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. Fermentation (choice D) is an anaerobic process that does not require oxygen and is not the primary energy-generating pathway during aerobic respiration, so it is incorrect.

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