Nursing Elites

1. A caterpillar starts moving at a rate of 14 in/hr. After 15 minutes, it is moving at a rate of 20 in/hr. What is the caterpillar’s rate of acceleration?

• A. 6 in/hr²
• B. 12 in/hr²
• C. 24 in/hr²
• D. 280 in/hr²

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Acceleration is the change in velocity over time. The change in velocity for the caterpillar is 20 in/hr - 14 in/hr = 6 in/hr. Since this change occurred over 15 minutes (or 0.25 hours), the acceleration can be calculated as (6 in/hr) / (0.25 hr) = 24 in/hr². Therefore, the caterpillar's rate of acceleration is 24 in/hr², which corresponds to choice C. Choice A, 6 in/hr², is incorrect as it does not account for the time factor and the correct calculation. Choice B, 12 in/hr², is incorrect as it doubles the correct acceleration value. Choice D, 280 in/hr², is significantly higher than the correct value, indicating a calculation error.

2. When a fluid flows past a solid object, a thin layer of fluid adheres to the object's surface due to:

• A. Buoyancy
• B. Bernoulli's principle
• C. Boundary layer effect
• D. Surface tension minimization

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The boundary layer effect occurs when a thin layer of fluid near the surface of a solid adheres to it due to viscosity. This layer experiences a velocity gradient as the fluid farther from the surface moves faster, while the fluid closest to the surface is nearly stationary.

3. An incandescent lamp consumes 60 Joules of energy per second. What is the power rating of this lamp?

• A. 1 Watt (W)
• B. 60 Watts (W)
• C. 1/60 Joules
• D. Impossible to determine without knowing the voltage

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Power is defined as energy consumed per unit time. If the lamp consumes 60 Joules of energy per second, the power rating is 60 Watts. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choice A ('1 Watt') is incorrect because the lamp consumes 60 Joules per second, not 1 Joule per second. Choice C ('1/60 Joules') is incorrect as it does not represent the power rating. Choice D ('Impossible to determine without knowing the voltage') is incorrect because power can be calculated using energy consumption per unit time without needing to know the voltage.

4. An object moves 100 m in 10 s. What is the velocity of the object over this time?

• A. 10 m/s
• B. 90 m/s
• C. 110 m/s
• D. 1,000 m/s

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Velocity is calculated as the displacement divided by the time taken to cover that displacement. In this case, the object moves 100 meters in 10 seconds. Therefore, the velocity is 100 m / 10 s = 10 m/s. Choice B, 90 m/s, is incorrect as it doesn't match the calculated velocity. Choice C, 110 m/s, is incorrect as it is higher than the calculated velocity. Choice D, 1,000 m/s, is incorrect as it is significantly higher than the calculated velocity.

5. The specific heat capacity of tin is 217 J/(g°C). Which of these materials would require about twice as much heat as tin to increase the temperature of a sample by 1°C?

• A. Copper [0.3844 J/(g°C)]
• B. Iron [0.449 J/(g°C)]
• C. Gold [0.1291 J/(g°C)]
• D. Aluminum [0.904 J/(g°C)]

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aluminum. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is 0.904 J/(g°C), which is approximately 4 times that of tin. For a material to require about twice as much heat as tin to increase the temperature by 1°C, it should have a specific heat capacity roughly double that of tin. Therefore, aluminum fits this criterion better than the other options. Gold has a much lower specific heat capacity than tin, so it would require less, not more, heat to increase the temperature by 1°C. Copper and Iron also have specific heat capacities lower than tin, making them incorrect choices for requiring twice as much heat as tin.

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