Nursing Elites

1. Where is the genetic material located within a cell?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Ribosome
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The genetic material, which is composed of DNA, is primarily located in the nucleus of a cell. The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, housing the genetic information that directs the cell's functions and characteristics. Choice B (Mitochondria), C (Ribosome), and D (Golgi apparatus) are incorrect because while these cellular components play essential roles in the cell, they do not house the genetic material. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production; ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins for transport.

2. What is the function of white blood cells?

• A. To carry oxygen to the cells
• B. To fight infection
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To clot blood

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells are a vital part of the immune system. Their primary function is to fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that enter the body. They play a crucial role in protecting the body against illnesses and maintaining overall health. Choice A is incorrect because the role of carrying oxygen to cells is primarily performed by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the transportation of nutrients is mainly carried out by the bloodstream and specialized cells. Choice D is incorrect as the process of clotting blood is primarily mediated by platelets.

3. Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

• A. Femur
• B. Hyoid
• C. Radius
• D. Scapula

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The hyoid bone is the correct answer as it is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate with any other bone. Instead, it is suspended in the neck by ligaments and muscles, providing support for the tongue and serving as an attachment point for various throat and tongue muscles. The femur (Choice A), radius (Choice C), and scapula (Choice D) all articulate with other bones in the body at various joints, making them incorrect answers for this question.

4. What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

• A. To secrete digestive enzymes
• B. To store bile
• C. To absorb nutrients
• D. To transport glucose

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine, facilitating the process of digestion. Choice B is incorrect because the pancreas does not store bile; that is primarily the function of the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the absorption of nutrients mainly occurs in the small intestine, not the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as the transport of glucose is primarily regulated by insulin produced in the pancreas, but this is not the main role of the pancreas in digestion.

5. Which vitamin is necessary for blood clotting?

• A. Vitamin D
• B. Vitamin K
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins involved in blood clotting. These proteins help in the coagulation process, ensuring that wounds can heal properly by preventing excessive bleeding. Without sufficient Vitamin K, the blood clotting process may be impaired, leading to potential health risks. Vitamin D is important for bone health, Vitamin C is essential for the immune system and collagen production, and Vitamin B12 plays a role in red blood cell production and nerve function, but they are not directly involved in the blood clotting process.

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