Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?

• A. They secrete chemicals into the blood
• B. They secrete enzymes into ducts
• C. They produce sweat
• D. They produce saliva

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Endocrine glands are ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones are then carried to target organs and tissues throughout the body, where they regulate various physiological functions. The statement 'They secrete chemicals into the blood' accurately describes the function of endocrine glands. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because endocrine glands do not secrete enzymes into ducts, produce sweat, or produce saliva. These functions are typically associated with exocrine glands, sweat glands, and salivary glands, respectively.

2. What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?

• A. Ulna
• B. Femur
• C. Radius
• D. Humerus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Femur. The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is located in the human thigh. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. The ulna, radius, and humerus, on the other hand, are bones found in the arm. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are bones of the arm, not the thigh.

3. What is the primary role of the stomach in the digestive system?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To break down food
• C. To secrete digestive enzymes
• D. To store glucose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary role of the stomach in the digestive system is to break down food. It accomplishes this through the action of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, which work together to break down food into a semi-liquid mixture known as chyme. Option B, 'To break down food,' is the correct answer. Option A, 'To absorb nutrients,' is incorrect because absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine. Option C, 'To secrete digestive enzymes,' is partially correct as the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes, but its primary function is to break down food. Option D, 'To store glucose,' is incorrect as glucose storage primarily occurs in the liver and muscles, not the stomach.

4. Which plane would you use to separate the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity?

• A. Sagittal
• B. Transverse
• C. Frontal
• D. Coronal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The transverse plane, also known as the horizontal plane, runs horizontally from left to right, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts. This plane is ideal for separating the abdominal cavity (located below) from the thoracic cavity (located above). The sagittal plane (choice A) divides the body into left and right portions, the frontal plane (choice C) divides the body into front and back portions, and the coronal plane (choice D) is another term for the frontal plane. Therefore, when looking to separate the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity, the transverse plane is the most appropriate choice.

5. Which hormone is involved in the regulation of water balance in the body?

• A. ADH
• B. Insulin
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is ADH (antidiuretic hormone), also known as vasopressin. ADH helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. When there is a need to conserve water, ADH levels increase, leading to more water reabsorption and concentration of urine. Insulin is involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not water balance. Cortisol is a stress hormone that helps regulate metabolism and immune response, not water balance. Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, growth, and development, not water balance.

Similar Questions