Nursing Elites

1. Which cell organelle functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell?

• A. Ribosome
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Lysosome
• D. Vacuole

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is the correct answer because it functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not transportation of materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal, not for transporting materials. Vacuoles are primarily involved in storage, waste disposal, and maintaining turgor pressure, not in transporting materials from the endoplasmic reticulum.

2. Which of the following statements about the respiratory system is true?

• A. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing
• B. Organs included in the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
• C. The respiratory system conveys oxygen into our bodies and removes carbon dioxide from our bodies
• D. All of the Above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Additionally, the respiratory system is responsible for conveying oxygen into our bodies and removing carbon dioxide from our bodies. Therefore, all the statements provided are true, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C are all accurate statements about the respiratory system, reinforcing the correctness of choosing option D.

3. Enzymes are typically _ _.

• A. Fats
• B. Proteins
• C. Sugars
• D. Neurons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are typically proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. While most enzymes are made of proteins, a few exceptions, known as ribozymes, are made of RNA. Proteins are composed of amino acids arranged in specific sequences that give enzymes their unique shape and functionality. Choice A, 'Fats,' is incorrect as enzymes are not typically composed of fats. Choice C, 'Sugars,' is incorrect as enzymes are not typically composed of sugars. Choice D, 'Neurons,' is incorrect as neurons are a type of cell in the nervous system, not typically associated with enzymes.

4. What is the most important component of the cell, contributing to protection, communication, and the passage of substances?

• A. Cytoplasm
• B. Cell Membrane
• C. Cytoskeleton
• D. Vacuole

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The cell membrane is the correct answer. It is the most important component of the cell as it provides protection, facilitates communication, and regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm (Choice A) is the gel-like substance within the cell that holds organelles, but it is not primarily responsible for the functions mentioned in the question. The cytoskeleton (Choice C) provides structural support to the cell but is not directly involved in protection, communication, or substance passage. Vacuoles (Choice D) are responsible for storage and maintaining turgor pressure but do not play a primary role in the functions specified in the question.

5. Why is yeast used to make bread rise?

• A. It engages in photosynthesis, which produces oxygen gas.
• B. Carbon dioxide forms while yeast carries out photosynthesis.
• C. Yeast carries out fermentation, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• D. Yeast breathes in oxygen and produces carbon dioxide through aerobic respiration.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Yeast is used to make bread rise because it carries out fermentation, producing carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide gas gets trapped in the dough, causing it to rise and create a fluffy texture in the bread. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because yeast does not engage in photosynthesis, so it does not produce oxygen gas, does not carry out photosynthesis to form carbon dioxide, and does not produce carbon dioxide through aerobic respiration. Yeast's fermentation process is essential for bread rising.

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