Nursing Elites

1. Which intermolecular force is the strongest?

• A. Dipole interactions
• B. Dispersion forces
• C. Hydrogen bonding
• D. Van der Waals forces

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hydrogen bonding is the strongest intermolecular force due to its specific interaction between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. This type of bonding results in a very strong attraction between molecules, making it the strongest intermolecular force among the options provided. Dipole interactions (choice A) are weaker than hydrogen bonding as they occur between polar molecules. Dispersion forces (choice B) are the weakest intermolecular forces and are caused by temporary fluctuations in electron distribution. Van der Waals forces (choice D) are a broader term that encompasses dipole interactions and dispersion forces, making them weaker than hydrogen bonding.

2. What is the product of the decomposition of water?

• A. Hydrogen and oxygen
• B. Carbon dioxide
• C. Nitrogen and hydrogen
• D. Methane

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hydrogen and oxygen. When water undergoes decomposition, it breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen gases through a process known as electrolysis. This reaction is represented by 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂. Choice B, carbon dioxide, is incorrect as it is not a product of water decomposition. Choice C, nitrogen and hydrogen, is incorrect as water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen, not nitrogen. Choice D, methane, is incorrect as methane is not a product of water decomposition.

3. Which of the following is the weakest intermolecular force?

• A. Dipole interactions
• B. Hydrogen bonding
• C. Van der Waals forces
• D. Dispersion forces

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dispersion forces, also known as London dispersion forces, are the weakest intermolecular forces. They are temporary attractive forces that occur due to momentary shifts in electron distribution within molecules. While dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and Van der Waals forces are stronger intermolecular forces, dispersion forces are the weakest because they arise from short-lived fluctuations in electron density. Dipole interactions involve permanent dipoles in molecules, making them stronger than dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonding is stronger than dipole interactions and involves hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms. Van der Waals forces encompass dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces, making them stronger than dispersion forces alone.

4. Which of the following elements is a noble gas?

• A. Hydrogen
• B. Fluorine
• C. Argon
• D. Nitrogen

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Argon. Argon is a noble gas, part of Group 18 in the periodic table. Noble gases are colorless, odorless, and typically non-reactive under normal conditions. Other elements in this group include helium, neon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Argon finds wide applications in welding, lighting, and scientific research. Choices A, B, and D are not noble gases. Hydrogen is a non-metal, Fluorine is a halogen, and Nitrogen is a diatomic non-metal gas.

5. What charge do Group IIIA elements have?

• A. +1
• B. +2
• C. +3
• D. 0

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Group IIIA elements, also known as Group 13 elements, have a common oxidation state of +3. This is because they have three valence electrons and tend to lose these electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, resulting in a +3 charge. Choice A (+1) and Choice B (+2) are incorrect because Group IIIA elements typically lose all three valence electrons to attain a stable configuration, leading to a +3 charge. Choice D (0) is incorrect as these elements do not gain electrons but rather lose them, resulting in a positive charge.

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