Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a characteristic property of acids?

• A. Sour taste
• B. Bitter taste
• C. Reacts with bases
• D. Slippery feel

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Sour taste.' Acids are known to have a sour taste, which is a fundamental characteristic property of acids. This taste distinguishes acids from bases, which are more likely to have a bitter taste. The sour taste of acids is due to the presence of hydrogen ions in them. Therefore, when identifying an acid based on taste, the sour taste serves as a key indicator. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Bitter taste is associated with bases, not acids. While acids do react with bases (Choice C), this is not a characteristic property of acids but rather a chemical behavior. Slippery feel (Choice D) is a property of bases, not acids.

2. What is the correct formula for silver hydroxide?

• A. AgO
• B. AgOH
• C. AgH
• D. AgH₂O

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct formula for silver hydroxide is AgOH. Silver hydroxide is formed by the combination of the silver ion (Ag⁺) with the hydroxide ion (OH⁻) to create AgOH. It is essential to note that the hydroxide ion consists of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom, thus the formula AgOH. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the composition of silver hydroxide.

3. What are the products of combustion of a hydrocarbon in excess oxygen?

• A. Carbon dioxide and water
• B. Naphthalene
• C. Chlorine and bromine
• D. Carbonium ions

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbon dioxide and water. During the combustion of a hydrocarbon in excess oxygen, the hydrocarbon reacts to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor as the final products. This reaction is known as complete combustion, where the hydrocarbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because naphthalene is a specific hydrocarbon compound, chlorine and bromine are not typically formed during the combustion of hydrocarbons in excess oxygen, and carbonium ions are not the products of this reaction.

4. On the periodic table, where are atoms with the largest atomic radius located?

• A. At the top of their group
• B. In the middle of their group
• C. At the bottom of their group
• D. Along the right-hand side

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atoms with the largest atomic radius are located at the bottom of their group on the periodic table. This is because atomic radius increases down a group due to the addition of more energy levels or shells of electrons. As you move down a group, the outermost electrons are further away from the nucleus, leading to an increase in atomic radius. Choice A 'At the top of their group' is incorrect because atomic radius decreases going up within a group. Choice B 'In the middle of their group' is incorrect as the atomic radius generally increases as you go down a group, not in the middle. Choice D 'Along the right-hand side' is incorrect because atomic radius tends to decrease from left to right across a period on the periodic table due to increased nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge.

5. Which compound contains a polar covalent bond?

• A. O
• B. F
• C. Br
• D. H₂O

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The compound 'H₂O' (water) contains a polar covalent bond. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the electrons in the O-H bonds are unevenly shared, leading to a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms. This unequal sharing of electrons creates a polar covalent bond in water. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they represent individual elements, not compounds, and do not involve the concept of polar covalent bonds.

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