Nursing Elites

1. What is the main idea of the passage about Sunny-Side Up?

• A. There are many positive effects of receiving direct exposure to sunlight.
• B. The negative impacts of sunlight should not be ignored.
• C. Vitamin D is integral for maintaining healthy bones and preventing diseases.
• D. Vitamin D is synthesized by our bodies in reaction to direct sunlight.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The passage primarily discusses the various positive effects of sunlight exposure, particularly highlighting the benefits of vitamin D for bone health and the regulation of circadian rhythms. While it acknowledges the negative impacts of excessive sun exposure, the emphasis is on the positive aspects, making A the main idea of the passage.

2. What is the main reason the author wrote the passage about the Electoral College?

• A. To criticize the complexity of the Electoral College.
• B. To explain how the Electoral College works.
• C. To advocate for abolishing the Electoral College.
• D. To promote the benefits of the Electoral College.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The passage primarily aims to explain how the Electoral College functions in U.S. elections. It provides details on how the Electoral College operates, including the allocation of electoral votes based on states' representation in Congress, the role of senators and representatives, and how electoral votes are cast during presidential elections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the passage does not criticize, advocate for abolishing, or promote the benefits of the Electoral College. Instead, it focuses on clarifying its mechanism.

3. What is a major difference in the way baroreceptors and chemoreceptors work from the way the kidneys work?

• A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume.
• B. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors both work to help maintain blood volume, whereas the kidneys take care of salts, water, and waste removal.
• C. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors must work together to control blood pressure, whereas the kidneys work with the adrenal cortex.
• D. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are both located near the adrenal cortex, whereas the kidneys are located near the heart.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are responsible for monitoring blood pressure by sensing changes in pressure, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, and pH within the arteries. They send out impulses to raise or lower blood pressure accordingly. On the other hand, the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood volume by absorbing salts and water and removing waste products. This key difference highlights that while baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are involved in monitoring and regulating blood pressure, the kidneys primarily focus on controlling blood volume. Choice B is incorrect because it inaccurately states that baroreceptors and chemoreceptors help maintain blood volume, which is not their primary function. Choice C is incorrect as it provides an inaccurate comparison between the roles of baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as it wrongly associates the location of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors with the adrenal cortex, which is not accurate.

4. A reader might infer from this passage that the organization ___________.

• A. succeeded in eradicating malaria
• B. has always been led by a medical doctor
• C. no longer studies communicable diseases
• D. changed its name to match its mission

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The passage never says whether or not the CDC succeeded in its original mission (choice A) or whether it continued to be led by doctors (choice B). Inferring either of those things would be a leap unsupported by the text. Choice C is countered by information in the final

5. Which sound waves have a higher pitch?

• A. Those waves that are closer together
• B. Those waves that are farther apart
• C. Those waves that travel a long distance
• D. Those waves that travel a short distance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sound waves that are closer together have a higher pitch. This is explained by the Doppler Effect, where as a source of sound moves closer to an observer, the waves are compressed, resulting in a higher frequency and a higher pitch. Conversely, when the source moves away, the waves are stretched, leading to a lower frequency and a lower pitch. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the relationship between sound wave frequency and pitch.

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