Nursing Elites

1. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this essay?

• A. To explain how the markings on a snake are related to its venomous nature.
• B. To teach readers the difference between coral snakes and kingsnakes.
• C. To illustrate why snakes are dangerous.
• D. To demonstrate how animals adapt to difficult environments.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The author's primary purpose in writing this essay is to teach readers the difference between coral snakes and kingsnakes. The essay discusses how skin coloration and markings help snakes hide from predators and indicate whether a snake is venomous. By comparing the physical characteristics and behaviors of coral snakes and kingsnakes, the author helps readers understand how to distinguish between the two species to avoid potential dangers. Choice A is incorrect because the essay focuses more on distinguishing between snake species rather than solely on the relationship between markings and venom. Choice C is incorrect as the essay does not aim to illustrate why snakes are dangerous but rather to educate about the differences between specific snake types. Choice D is incorrect as the essay does not discuss how animals survive in difficult environments, but instead focuses on snake markings and behaviors.

2. Which of the following is a logical conclusion that can be drawn from the information in the passage above?

• A. Victor's long reign provided the opportunity for her to bring balance to England and right the wrongs that had occurred during the reigns of her uncles.
• B. It was the death of Princess Charlotte Augusta that motivated the remaining princes to marry and start families.
• C. The Duke of Kent had hoped for a son but was delighted with his good fortune in producing the surviving heir that his brothers had failed to produce.
• D. King William IV was unreasonably suspicious of the Duchess of Kent's motivations, as she cared only for her daughter's well-being.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The passage mentions that after the death of Princess Charlotte Augusta, the remaining princes considered marrying and starting families since her death left the succession undetermined. Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not provide information about Victoria's reign bringing balance or righting any wrongs during her uncles' reigns. Choice C is incorrect as there is no mention of the Duke of Kent having a preference for a male heir or being disappointed with a female heir. Choice D is incorrect as the passage does not give details about King William IV's suspicions towards the Duchess of Kent or her motivations.

3. What is a typical characteristic of male cicadas?

• A. They have short antennae and wide-set eyes.
• B. They respond with a clicking sound when ready to mate.
• C. They make strident, high buzzing sounds by vibrating two membranes on their abdomen.
• D. They deposit eggs into the bark after mating.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Male cicadas are known for making strident, high buzzing sounds by vibrating two membranes on their abdomen, reaching up to 80 to 100 decibels, similar to the roar of a loud engine. This behavior is distinct to male cicadas and serves as a way to attract females for mating. Choice A is incorrect because it describes physical characteristics of cicadas, not behavior. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the behavior of female cicadas, not males. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to the behavior of female cicadas after mating, not males.

4. What best describes Samuel's sample size?

• A. The sample is biased because it has firsthand experience.
• B. The sample contains too few members to draw meaningful conclusions.
• C. The sample contains too many members to make specific claims.
• D. The sample is unbiased and of appropriate size.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Samuel's sample size of 24 students is too small to draw generalizable conclusions about a larger population. While his observations are based on firsthand experience, the sample size is inadequate to make meaningful claims about the relationship between parental involvement and academic success for all students. Choice A is incorrect because bias is not related to sample size but rather the way data is collected. Choice C is incorrect as having too many members would not hinder understanding specifics, but rather provide a more comprehensive view. Choice D is incorrect as the sample size is too small to be considered appropriately sized for making broad claims.

5. Which of the following is a primary source?

• A. A critic's summary of a book on Abraham Lincoln.
• B. A peer-reviewed scientific journal's table of contents.
• C. A gene splicing study report with data.
• D. A news article quoting research into curing cancer.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. A gene splicing study report with data is a primary source because it provides original research findings. In contrast, choice A is a secondary source as it involves a critic's interpretation of a book. Choice B, the table of contents of a peer-reviewed scientific journal, is not a primary source but a tertiary source, providing a summary of articles. Choice D, a news article quoting research, is a secondary source that presents information based on primary sources rather than the original research itself.

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