ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS 7 Science
1. Which of the following accurately describes saltatory conduction?
- A. It is faster than normal nerve conduction
- B. It occurs from one node of Ranvier to the next
- C. It only occurs in myelinated neurons
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Saltatory conduction is faster than normal nerve conduction, occurs from one node of Ranvier to the next, and is exclusive to myelinated neurons. This form of conduction allows for the rapid transmission of nerve impulses by the action potential jumping between the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated neurons, enhancing the efficiency of signal propagation along the axon. Choice A is correct as saltatory conduction is indeed faster than normal conduction. Choice B is accurate as it describes the mechanism of conduction 'jumping' from one node of Ranvier to the next. Choice C is correct because saltatory conduction occurs specifically in myelinated neurons where the myelin sheath insulates the axon except at the nodes of Ranvier, facilitating faster transmission of nerve impulses.
2. An uncharged atom has an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² and a mass number of 14. How many protons does it have?
- A. 14
- B. 6
- C. 8
- D. 12
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The number of protons in an atom is determined by the atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. The electron configuration given corresponds to carbon (C) with 6 protons. The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of protons in its nucleus, so in this case, the atom has 6 protons. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the correct number of protons for an atom with the given electron configuration and mass number. Therefore, option B, 6 protons, is the correct answer.
3. In the context of the cardiac cycle, what does the P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represent?
- A. Atrial depolarization
- B. Ventricular depolarization
- C. Atrial repolarization
- D. Ventricular repolarization
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents atrial depolarization, which signifies the electrical activation of the atria as they prepare to contract. During the cardiac cycle, atrial depolarization occurs first, leading to atrial contraction. Ventricular depolarization is represented by the QRS complex, not the P wave. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the P wave specifically corresponds to atrial depolarization, not ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization, or ventricular repolarization.
4. Which protein complex in the sarcomere is responsible for the thick filament?
- A. Actin
- B. Myosin
- C. Tropomyosin
- D. Troponin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Myosin is the protein complex responsible for the thick filament in the sarcomere. It interacts with actin, another protein in the sarcomere, to generate the sliding movement that results in muscle contraction. Actin is a thin filament protein that interacts with myosin to create the sliding filament mechanism. Tropomyosin and troponin are regulatory proteins that regulate muscle contraction by controlling the interaction between actin and myosin, rather than directly being responsible for the thick filament.
5. At which step in the scientific method might a scientist create a model?
- A. Hypothesis
- B. Data analysis
- C. Experimentation
- D. Conclusion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the scientific method, scientists often create models during the hypothesis stage. Creating models at this stage helps visualize or simulate ideas before proceeding to experimentation and data analysis. Models are valuable tools that allow scientists to conceptualize and test their ideas before conducting experiments to gather data and draw conclusions. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B, data analysis, occurs after experiments have been conducted and data has been collected, making it an incorrect choice. Choice C, experimentation, involves conducting tests and observations based on the hypothesis, but the creation of models typically happens before this stage. Choice D, conclusion, is the final step where scientists interpret the results and draw implications, making it an inappropriate step for creating a model.
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