ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS 7 Science
1. What is the name of the structure that packages DNA in eukaryotic cells?
- A. Nucleosome
- B. Chromatin
- C. Histone
- D. Centromere
Correct answer: A
Rationale: - A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells. It consists of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins. - Chromatin refers to the complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, including nucleosomes. - Histones are the proteins around which DNA is wrapped to form nucleosomes. - Centromere is a region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and to which spindle fibers attach during cell division.
2. Where is the primary site for nutrient absorption from digested food in the human digestive system?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Large intestine
- C. Small intestine
- D. Stomach
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. It is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients from food occurs. The walls of the small intestine are lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for absorption. Nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream to be transported to cells throughout the body for energy and other functions. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach and plays a role in swallowing, not nutrient absorption. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter after the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. The stomach mainly functions in the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food through muscular contractions and the secretion of digestive enzymes.
3. DNA has both a 'sense' and 'antisense' strand. What is true about the antisense strand?
- A. It runs 5' to 3'.
- B. It runs 3' to 5'.
- C. It is used in replication.
- D. It is the direction in which DNA is stored.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The antisense strand runs 3' to 5', which is opposite to the direction of the sense strand. It serves as the template strand for transcription, where an RNA molecule is synthesized complementary to the antisense strand. Choice A is incorrect because the antisense strand runs in the opposite direction. Choice C is incorrect as the antisense strand is primarily involved in transcription, not replication. Choice D is incorrect as the direction of DNA storage is not determined by the antisense strand.
4. Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?
- A. Trachea
- B. Alveoli
- C. Bronchi
- D. Diaphragm
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The alveoli in the lungs are responsible for gas exchange. Alveoli have a rich blood supply and thin walls, enabling the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen diffuses into the blood from the alveoli, while carbon dioxide diffuses out. The trachea functions as an air passage, bronchi are the main airways into the lungs, and the diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in breathing by aiding in lung expansion and contraction, but they are not directly responsible for gas exchange like the alveoli.
5. What is the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation?
- A. Inspiratory capacity
- B. Tidal volume
- C. Total lung capacity
- D. Vital capacity
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Total lung capacity is the correct term for the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation. It represents the sum of all lung volumes, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. Inspiratory capacity refers to the maximum volume of air inspired from the end-expiratory level. Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, not the total volume the lungs can hold.
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