ATI TEAS 7
TEAS version 7 quizlet science
1. What checkpoint mechanism ensures all chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers before anaphase begins?
- A. Prometaphase
- B. Metaphase
- C. Cyclin degradation
- D. Sister chromatid cohesion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A) Prometaphase is the correct answer because it is the stage of mitosis where all chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers before anaphase begins. During prometaphase, the nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing the spindle fibers to attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes. This attachment is necessary for proper chromosome alignment and segregation during anaphase. B) Metaphase is incorrect because it is the stage where chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate but do not necessarily have all spindle fibers attached. C) Cyclin degradation is incorrect because it is a regulatory mechanism that controls the progression of the cell cycle but is not specifically related to ensuring all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers. D) Sister chromatid cohesion is incorrect because it refers to the physical connection between sister chromatids that is maintained until anaphase, but it does not ensure that all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers.
2. Which of the following is the MOST common symptom of angina pectoris, a condition related to insufficient blood flow to the heart?
- A. Fever and chills.
- B. Chest pain or discomfort.
- C. Sudden onset of severe shortness of breath.
- D. Numbness or tingling in the extremities.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Chest pain or discomfort is the most common symptom of angina pectoris. This pain is often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness, or pain in the chest. Fever and chills, sudden onset of severe shortness of breath, and numbness or tingling in the extremities are not typical symptoms of angina pectoris. The pain associated with angina is usually triggered by physical or emotional stress and typically subsides with rest or medication, distinguishing it from other conditions.
3. What are the three main types of RNA?
- A. Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)
- B. DNA, RNA, and protein
- C. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
- D. Deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: - Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. - Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. - Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Options B, C, and D are incorrect: - Option B lists DNA, RNA, and protein, which are biomolecules but not the three main types of RNA. - Option C lists nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) found in DNA, not types of RNA. - Option D lists components of nucleotides (deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate), which are building blocks of nucleic
4. What is the process by which a cell divides into two or more new cells?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Both mitosis and meiosis
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This type of cell division is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis does not directly result in the formation of new cells, as it is specifically geared towards the production of reproductive cells. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Option C, stating both mitosis and meiosis, is incorrect because meiosis is not involved in the general process of cell division to produce new cells; it is specialized for gamete formation. Option D is incorrect because mitosis is indeed the process responsible for cell division in which one cell divides into two daughter cells, making it the accurate choice for this question.
5. What is the longest bone in the human body?
- A. Tibia
- B. Fibula
- C. Femur
- D. Humerus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The femur is indeed the longest bone in the human body. It extends from the hip to the knee, providing crucial support for the body's weight and enabling various movements. The tibia and fibula are bones in the lower leg, while the humerus is located in the upper arm. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect in this context.
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