ATI TEAS 7
TEAS Test 7 science
1. Which of the following is NOT a component of the body's innate immune response?
- A. Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes
- B. Phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens
- C. Inflammatory response to isolate and contain infection
- D. Production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen is a function of the adaptive immune response, not the innate immune response. Innate immunity involves nonspecific defense mechanisms like physical barriers, phagocytes, and inflammation, which provide immediate protection against pathogens without prior exposure. Antibody production is a characteristic of adaptive immunity, where the body generates specific antibodies in response to encountering a pathogen for the first time. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it does not align with the immediate and nonspecific nature of the innate immune response.
2. Homologous structures are similar structures in different organisms that have a common evolutionary origin. An example is:
- A. Butterfly wings and bird wings (analogous structures with different origins)
- B. The arm of a human, the wing of a bat, and the flipper of a whale
- C. The eyes of an octopus and a human (convergent evolution with different origins)
- D. The stinger of a bee and the barb of a cactus (unrelated structures)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Homologous structures are similar structures found in different organisms that share a common evolutionary origin. The arm of a human, the wing of a bat, and the flipper of a whale are all examples of homologous structures. Despite serving different functions, they share a common underlying structure due to their evolutionary relationship, evidencing a shared ancestry. These structures are modified over time to suit the specific needs of each species. Option A (Butterfly wings and bird wings) refers to analogous structures with different origins. Option C (The eyes of an octopus and a human) describes convergent evolution where traits evolve independently. Option D (The stinger of a bee and the barb of a cactus) are unrelated structures.
3. Adipose tissue, also known as fat, serves multiple functions. Which of these is NOT a function of adipose tissue?
- A. Insulation
- B. Energy storage
- C. Hormone production
- D. Muscle movement
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Adipose tissue serves multiple functions in the body, including insulation to regulate body temperature, energy storage in the form of triglycerides, and hormone production such as leptin and adiponectin. Adipose tissue does not directly participate in muscle movement. Muscle movement is primarily carried out by skeletal muscle tissue, which is responsible for voluntary movements and locomotion. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as adipose tissue is not involved in muscle movement.
4. What is the recommended daily intake of protein for adults to maintain healthy muscle mass?
- A. 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight
- B. 1 gram per kilogram of body weight
- C. 1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight
- D. 2 grams per kilogram of body weight
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The recommended daily intake of protein for adults to maintain healthy muscle mass is typically around 1 gram per kilogram of body weight. This amount can vary based on individual factors such as activity level, age, and overall health status. Consuming an adequate amount of protein is essential for muscle repair and growth, as well as overall health and functioning of the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest protein intake levels that are either too low (A) or unnecessarily high (C and D) for maintaining healthy muscle mass. Excessive protein intake can strain the kidneys and may not provide additional benefits for muscle health beyond the recommended levels.
5. What is the name of the master gland that regulates the function of many other endocrine glands?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland is commonly referred to as the master gland because it controls the functions of numerous other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes various hormones that are essential for regulating processes like growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. The thyroid gland (Choice A) primarily regulates metabolism and does not oversee other endocrine glands. The hypothalamus (Choice C) plays a role in regulating the pituitary gland but is not the master gland. The adrenal gland (Choice D) produces hormones related to stress response but is not considered the master gland that regulates other endocrine glands.
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