ATI TEAS 7
TEAS Test 7 science
1. Muscle soreness after exercise is often caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers. This is called
- A. Atrophy
- B. Hypertrophy
- C. DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
- D. Spasm
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Muscle soreness after exercise is often caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers, leading to Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). Atrophy refers to the wasting away of muscle tissue, hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size, and spasm is an involuntary contraction of a muscle. DOMS typically occurs 24 to 72 hours after intense exercise and is characterized by muscle stiffness, tenderness, and reduced range of motion. It is a normal response to unfamiliar or strenuous physical activity and indicates that the muscles are adapting to the workload. Therefore, the correct answer is C (DOMS) as it specifically describes the phenomenon of muscle soreness resulting from microscopic tears in muscle fibers, distinguishing it from the other choices which refer to different physiological processes or conditions.
2. Where does cellular respiration, the process of converting chemical energy into ATP, take place in eukaryotic cells?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Ribosomes
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cellular respiration, the process of converting chemical energy into ATP, takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for generating most of the cell's ATP through the process of cellular respiration. This process involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, which is the primary energy currency of the cell. The other organelles listed in the options (nucleus, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus) do not play a direct role in cellular respiration. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins for secretion or internal use.
3. A person who carries a pathogen but does not exhibit any symptoms is considered:
- A. Asymptomatic carrier
- B. Opportunistic pathogen
- C. Nosocomial infection
- D. Vector-borne disease
Correct answer: A
Rationale: An asymptomatic carrier is a person who carries a pathogen, such as a virus or bacterium, without showing any symptoms of the infection. Despite lacking symptoms, asymptomatic carriers can still transmit the pathogen to others, potentially causing illness in those they contact. This term specifically pertains to infected individuals who do not manifest symptoms, distinguishing them from symptomatic carriers who do exhibit signs of the infection. Option A is the most fitting choice as it accurately characterizes a person carrying a pathogen without displaying symptoms. B) Opportunistic pathogen: This term describes pathogens that typically do not cause disease in healthy individuals but can be pathogenic in those with weakened immune systems. C) Nosocomial infection: This term refers to infections acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility. D) Vector-borne disease: This term relates to diseases transmitted to humans by vectors like mosquitoes or ticks.
4. Urine, the liquid waste product of the body, travels from the kidneys to the bladder through tubes called:
- A. Ureters
- B. Urethra
- C. Nephrons
- D. Renal pelvis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Ureters.' Ureters are tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder. They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage before excretion. The urethra, which is not the correct answer, is responsible for carrying urine from the bladder out of the body. Nephrons, another incorrect choice, are microscopic units within the kidneys that filter blood and produce urine. The renal pelvis, also an incorrect choice, is a structure in the kidney where urine collects before moving into the ureters for further passage to the bladder.
5. During nuclear transmutation, a target nucleus is bombarded with a particle to create:
- A. A heavier isotope of the same element
- B. A lighter isotope of the same element
- C. An entirely new element
- D. A chain reaction of nuclear fission
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During nuclear transmutation, a target nucleus is bombarded with a particle to create an entirely new element. This process involves changing the number of protons in the nucleus, resulting in the creation of a different element. Options A and B are incorrect because nuclear transmutation leads to the formation of a new element, not a heavier or lighter isotope of the same element. Option D, a chain reaction of nuclear fission, is incorrect as nuclear transmutation involves the direct conversion of one element into another through bombardment with particles, not the initiation of a fission chain reaction.
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