ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS Science
1. Which of the following terms refers to the process of breaking large molecules into smaller molecules to provide energy?
- A. Metabolism
- B. Bioenergetics
- C. Anabolism
- D. Catabolism
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Catabolism.' Catabolism specifically involves breaking down large molecules into smaller ones to release energy. It is the opposite of anabolism, which is the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones. 'Metabolism' (choice A) is a broader term that encompasses all chemical processes in an organism, including anabolism and catabolism. 'Bioenergetics' (choice B) refers to the flow and transformation of energy in a biological system, not specifically the breakdown of molecules for energy.
2. How do organisms maintain homeostasis?
- A. By increasing their body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance.
- B. By undergoing biochemical processes and absorbing energy to increase entropy.
- C. By undergoing biochemical processes to maintain the order of their external environment.
- D. By using free energy and matter via biochemical processes to work against entropy.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Organisms maintain homeostasis by utilizing free energy and matter through biochemical processes to counteract entropy, which helps in preserving internal stability. This process involves maintaining a balance within the organism's internal environment despite external changes, ensuring proper functioning and survival. Choice A is incorrect because increasing body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance alone do not define the comprehensive process of maintaining homeostasis. Choice B is incorrect as absorbing energy to increase entropy goes against the concept of maintaining internal stability. Choice C is incorrect as maintaining the order of the external environment does not directly contribute to the organism's internal stability and balance.
3. What is the correct way to represent 8,600,000,000,000 in scientific notation with two significant figures?
- A. 8.6 x 10^12
- B. 8.6 x 10^-12
- C. 8.6 x 10^11
- D. 8.60 x 10^12
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct way to represent 8,600,000,000,000 in scientific notation with two significant figures is 8.6 x 10^12. Scientific notation involves expressing a number as a decimal (with one non-zero digit before the decimal point) multiplied by a power of 10. In this case, 8,600,000,000,000 is correctly written as 8.6 x 10^12 to maintain two significant figures and the appropriate magnitude. Choice B (8.6 x 10^-12) is incorrect as it represents a very small number due to the negative exponent. Choice C (8.6 x 10^11) is incorrect as it does not account for the magnitude of the original number. Choice D (8.60 x 10^12) is incorrect because it unnecessarily adds a zero after the decimal point, which is not warranted by the original number's precision.
4. What is the responsibility of the somatic nervous system?
- A. Breathing
- B. Thought
- C. Movement
- D. Fear
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. This system communicates sensory information and controls voluntary movements, such as walking or reaching for objects. Breathing is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which functions involuntarily. Thought processes involve complex interactions between various regions of the brain and are not directly controlled by the somatic nervous system. Fear is an emotional response that involves the limbic system of the brain and the autonomic nervous system, not the somatic nervous system.
5. What is the function of the sinuses?
- A. To trap many airborne pathogens
- B. To direct air down the trachea rather than the esophagus
- C. To warm, humidify, and filter air
- D. To sweep away pathogens and direct them toward the top of the trachea
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct function of the sinuses is to warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe. Sinuses play a crucial role in preparing the air for the respiratory system by adding moisture, warmth, and filtering out particles. Choice A is incorrect because while sinuses can help filter some particles, their primary function is not to trap pathogens. Choice B is incorrect as the sinuses do not control the direction of air down the trachea; this is regulated by the epiglottis and vocal cords. Choice D is incorrect as sinuses do not sweep pathogens away or direct them towards the trachea; instead, they condition the air for respiration.
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