ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS Science
1. Which blood component is chiefly responsible for clotting?
- A. Platelets
- B. Red blood cells
- C. Antigens
- D. Plasma cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Platelets. Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that play a crucial role in clotting. When there is an injury, platelets adhere to the site and release chemicals that help form a clot to prevent excessive bleeding. Red blood cells transport oxygen, antigens are substances that trigger an immune response, and plasma cells are a type of white blood cell involved in producing antibodies, none of which are primarily responsible for clotting.
2. What is the function of the sinuses?
- A. To trap many airborne pathogens
- B. To direct air down the trachea rather than the esophagus
- C. To warm, humidify, and filter air
- D. To sweep away pathogens and direct them toward the top of the trachea
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct function of the sinuses is to warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe. Sinuses play a crucial role in preparing the air for the respiratory system by adding moisture, warmth, and filtering out particles. Choice A is incorrect because while sinuses can help filter some particles, their primary function is not to trap pathogens. Choice B is incorrect as the sinuses do not control the direction of air down the trachea; this is regulated by the epiglottis and vocal cords. Choice D is incorrect as sinuses do not sweep pathogens away or direct them towards the trachea; instead, they condition the air for respiration.
3. Which of the following best defines the term amphoteric?
- A. A substance that conducts electricity due to ionization when dissolved in a solvent
- B. A substance that can act as an acid or a base depending on the properties of the solute
- C. A substance that, according to the Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory, is a proton-donor
- D. A substance that donates its proton and forms its conjugate base in a neutralization reaction
Correct answer: B
Rationale: An amphoteric substance can act as both an acid or a base depending on the environment. It can donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base), showing versatility in its behavior. Choice A is incorrect as it describes an electrolyte rather than an amphoteric substance. Choice C is incorrect as it defines an acid based on the Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory. Choice D is incorrect as it specifically refers to a substance donating a proton in a neutralization reaction, not capturing the dual behavior of an amphoteric substance.
4. Which of the following lists of joint types is in the correct order for increasing amounts of permitted motion (least mobile to most mobile)?
- A. Hinge, condyloid, saddle
- B. Saddle, hinge, condyloid
- C. Saddle, condyloid, hinge
- D. Hinge, saddle, condyloid
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct order of joint types, from least mobile to most mobile, is hinge, condyloid, saddle. A hinge joint allows movement in one plane (like a door hinge), a condyloid joint allows movement in two planes but not rotation (like the wrist), and a saddle joint allows movement in multiple directions (like the thumb). Choice A, 'Hinge, condyloid, saddle,' is the correct sequence as it accurately represents the order of increasing permitted motion in joints. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct order of joint types from least mobile to most mobile as required by the question.
5. Which of the following are the reproductive cells produced by meiosis?
- A. Genes
- B. Alleles
- C. Chromatids
- D. Gametes
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Gametes are the reproductive cells produced by meiosis. Meiosis is the cell division process that results in the formation of gametes, which are sperm cells in males and egg cells in females. Genes (A), alleles (B), and chromatids (C) are not the reproductive cells produced by meiosis. Genes are units of heredity, alleles are different forms of a gene, and chromatids are duplicated chromosomes involved in cell division.
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