Nursing Elites

1. What is the final phase of mitosis?

• A. Prophase
• B. Telophase
• C. Anaphase
• D. Metaphase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Telophase is indeed the final phase of mitosis. During telophase, the chromosomes have reached opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear envelope is re-forming around the separated sister chromatids, and cytokinesis may also occur, leading to the division of the cell into two daughter cells. Choice A, Prophase, is incorrect as it is the initial phase of mitosis where chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Choice C, Anaphase, is incorrect as it is the phase where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles. Choice D, Metaphase, is incorrect as it is the phase where chromosomes align at the cell's equator before separating.

2. Which organ of the body compensates when a person's intake of vitamins decreases?

• A. Appendix
• B. Liver
• C. Pancreas
• D. Stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The liver is the organ that compensates when a person's intake of vitamins decreases. It stores certain vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, K, and B12, and releases them when dietary intake decreases. This helps maintain the body's vitamin levels and functions. The other organs listed - Appendix, Pancreas, and Stomach - do not primarily play a role in compensating for a decrease in vitamin intake. The liver is crucial in maintaining vitamin balance, making it the correct choice in this context.

3. Which of the following best describes the statement 'This flower is dead; someone must have forgotten to water it'?

• A. A classification
• B. An observation
• C. An inference
• D. A collection

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: An inference.' An inference is a conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning. In this statement, the conclusion that someone must have forgotten to water the flower is drawn from the evidence that the flower is dead. Choice A, 'A classification,' is incorrect because the statement does not involve categorizing or grouping. Choice B, 'An observation,' is incorrect as the statement goes beyond just stating a fact and makes a conclusion. Choice D, 'A collection,' is unrelated to the process of drawing a conclusion based on the given evidence.

4. Which of the following is a representation of a natural pattern or occurrence that is difficult or impossible to experience directly?

• A. A theory
• B. A model
• C. A law
• D. An observation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A model is a representation used by scientists to understand and explain natural phenomena that are challenging or impossible to observe directly. Models help visualize complex systems or processes that are not easily accessible for direct observation. The other choices are incorrect because: A) A theory is an explanation or interpretation of observable facts or phenomena. C) A law describes a consistent and universal phenomenon or relationship in nature based on repeated observations. D) An observation is a direct act of watching or taking note of a phenomenon or behavior.

5. What is the primary function of lymph nodes, small, bean-shaped structures found along lymphatic vessels?

• A. To store excess lymph fluid
• B. To produce red blood cells
• C. To filter lymph and fight infection
• D. To transport lymph to the heart

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lymph nodes primarily function to filter lymph and fight infection. They contain immune cells that help to remove pathogens and foreign particles from the lymph fluid as it passes through the nodes. This process helps to activate the immune response and defend the body against infections. Choice A is incorrect as lymph nodes do not store excess lymph fluid; they filter lymph. Choice B is incorrect as the production of red blood cells primarily occurs in the bone marrow, not in lymph nodes. Choice D is incorrect as lymph nodes do not transport lymph to the heart; they filter and process lymph to remove impurities and activate the immune response.

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